1. FIVE SECTIONS: WW I - INTERWAR ERA - WW II GANDHI - THE COLD WAR - GLOBAL HOT SPOTS TODAY World History: Final Exam STUDY GUIDE REVIEW

2. World War I: key terms… What were the four “main” causes of WW I? Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

3. Definitions: Militarism Glorification of the military Pacifism Opposition to war Nationalism Strong loyalty to a nation and culture

4. More key terms… Alliance of France, Britain, and Russia was known as… Allied Powers Neutrality Policy of supporting neither side in a war Ultimatum A final set of demands Ex. Austria sent Serbia an ____________.

5. WW I What method of fighting did armies use on the Western Front? Trench warfare What term was used to describe when neither side advanced? stalemate What was the name for a German submarine? U-boat

6. WW I What is the term for the channeling of a nation’s entire resources into a war effort? Total War What is the term for “spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause”? propaganda What is the term for “to limit the supply of goods, so that they could supply the military”? ration

7. WW I: Fill-in-the-blank Germany paid $30 billion as payment for war damages, or ___________. Reparations Wilson’s plan of the ___________ was a group of over 40 countries which hoped to settle problems without war. League of Nations By June 1919, the Paris Peace Conference drew up the ______, which blamed Germany for the war. Treaty of Versailles.

8. Which of the following helped to start WW I? A. a good economy. B. the United States. C. an environmental disaster. D. an assassination ANSWER: D.

9. Overseas colonies were used for: A. a buffer zone. B. bargaining chips. C. moral support. D. soldiers, workers, and supplies. Answer: D.

10. What famous novel describes WW I? A. April Morning. B. All Quiet on the Western Front. C. Red Badge of Courage. D. Saving Private Ryan. ANSWER: B. All Quiet on the Western Front

11. At the end of WW I Europe faced huge losses, including: A. Human costs (8.5 million dead) B. Political costs (rising threat of communism) C. Financial costs (war loans to repay) D. All of the above. ANSWER: D. All of the above!

12. PART II: After the Great War… Who was known as “the man of steel” – led the U.S.S.R.? Joseph Stalin Who was the leader of Germany, the “fuhrer”? Adolf Hitler Who was “Il Duce”, the leader of Italy? Benito Mussolini

13. The Interwar Period: Fill-in-the-blank The ________, the Nazi secret police, helped keep order in Germany. Gestapo Hitler believed his German government, or the ________, would rule Europe for a thousand years. Third Reich The democratic Weimar Republic was led by a __________,or prime minister. chancellor

14. More fill-in-the-blanks… ________ was a book written by Hitler while in jail – details Nazi goals and ideology. Mein Kampf _________ is the “Night of Broken Glass” – where mobs attacked Jewish communities throughout Germany. Kristallnacht ________another word for a detention center for civilians considered “enemies of the state.” Concentration camp

15. The Interwar Era: Multiple Choice What was Stalin’s symbol of his country? A. steel. B. horse. C. tractor. D. a-bomb. E. bald eagle ANSWER C. tractor

16. What was one result of the Great Purge? A. increased Stalin’s power. B. increased Stalin’s popularity. C. established five-year plans. D. murdered Lenin. ANSWER: A. increased Stalin’s power

17. What was one effect of the Great Depression in Japan? A. exports increased. B. unemployment dropped. C. the ultranationalists gained power. D. the communists gained power. ANSWER: C. ultranationalists gained power

18. What made Manchuria attractive to the Japanese? A. It had a large Japanese population. B. It was close to China. C. It was rich in natural resources. D. It had a nationalist government. ANSWER: C. Rich in natural resources

19. With which countries did Japan ally itself in 1936? China and India. Germany and France. The U.S. and Germany. Italy and Germany ANSWER: Italy and Germany

20. In 1935, Italy invaded the nation of Germany Ethiopia USSR Egypt ANSWER Ethiopia

21. In 1937, Japan invaded Eastern ____ in order to expand its growing imperial empire. India USSR Korea China ANSWER: China

22. In 1938, Germany annexed the nation of _____ while western powers continued to remain uninvolved? USSR Czechoslovakia Austria Poland ANSWER Austria

23. In 1936, Germany, Italy, and Japan formed the ________ Powers. Axis. Allied. Super. Imperial. ANSWER: AXIS

24. World War II The “Big Three” Allied Powers included Roosevelt, Churchill, and ______________. A. Hitler. B. Stalin. C. Mussolini. D. Tojo Answer: STALIN

25. WW II Japanese ______________ pilots used suicide missions to attack U.S. ships. A. kamikaze. B. fighter. C. tiger. D. combat. Answer: KAMIKAZE

26. WW II The bombing of Pearl Harbor took place on ___________________. A. September 1, 1939. B. August 7, 1942. C. December 25, 1942. D. December 7, 1941. Answer: DECEMBER 7, 1941.

27. WW II On D-Day, Allied soldiers landed at this beach in France. A. Normandy. B. Cannes. C. St. Tropez. D. Branch. Answer: NORMANDY

28. WW II V-E Day stands for Victory in ___________. A. England. B. Ethiopia. C. Europe. D. Egypt. Answer: EUROPE

29. WW II U.S. President ________ made the decision to drop the first atomic bombs. A. Woodrow Wilson. B. Herbert Hoover. C. Harry Truman. D. FDR. Answer: HARRY TRUMAN

30. WW II In August of 1945, two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and _________. A. Tokyo. B. Okinawa. C. Nagasaki. D. Iwo Jima. Answer: HIROSHIMA

31. WW II During World War II, the Allied powers consisted of the following nations: the U.S., Britain, France, and _________________. A. Italy. B. Germany. C. USSR. D. Japan Answer: USSR

32. Creation of the UN… The five nations which are permanent members of the UN include the U.S., Russia (former USSR), Britain, France and ______. A. Italy. B. Japan. C. Germany. D. China. Answer: CHINA

33. Mohandas Gandhi: “The Mahatma” What is the term used to describe “the refusal to buy goods”? A. Bapu. B. ahimsa. C. boycott. D. Mahatma Answer: BOYCOTT

34. Gandhi… What was the word “Bapu” mean? A. hero. B. father. C. saint. D. great soul. Answer: FATHER

35. Gandhi… What is the word for the “Hindu belief of non- violence and reverence for all life”? A. bapu. B. mahatma C. boycott D. ahimsa. Answer: ahimsa

36. Gandhi What is the term for “promoting rebellion against the government”? A. civil disobedience. B. Hind Swaraj. C. sedition. D. Kasturbai. Answer: SEDITION

37. Gandhi… What is the name of Gandhi’s book which explains his ideas of nonviolent resistance? A. Walden. B. All Quiet on the Western Front. C. Hind Swaraj. D. Bapu. Answer oHind Swaraj

38. Gandhi… What is the term for refusing to obey unjust laws? A. civil disobedience. B. Hind Swaraj. C. sedition. D. ahimsa. Answer: oCivil disobedience

39. Gandhi Gandhi traveled to this country after studying in London and fought discrimination against Indians living there: A. England. B. South Africa. C. Pakistan. D. USA. Answer: oSOUTH AFRICA

40. Gandhi Era… In response to violent uprisings in India, Gandhi would often do this: A. boycott. B. spin cloth. C. eat. D. fast. Answer: oFAST

41. Gandhi Era… Tensions between these two groups in India led to violence and partition. A. Hindus and Muslims. B. Jews and Christians. C. Hindus and Christians. D. Jews and Muslims. Answer: oHINDUS AND MUSLIMS

42. The Cold War: Definitions Define: NATO Answer: oThe military alliance led by the United States. oStands for the North American Treaty Organization. Define: Warsaw Pact. Answer: oThe (Cold War) military alliance led by the former Soviet Union.

43. Cold War: Definitions Define: Superpowers. Answer: oU.S. and U.S.S.R. during the Cold War era. What was “The Cold War”? Define it. Answer: oA period of tension, following World War II, between the free world and communist nations.

44. Definitions… What was the Berlin Wall? Answer: oA massive concrete barrier dividing East and West Germany and which became a Cold War symbol

45. A Cold War “Who’s Who?” See if you can identify the people/ vocabulary on the left with the corresponding country on the right. Margaret Thatcher Ronald Reagan Mikhail Gorbachev Fidel Castro Mao Zedong Ho Chi Minh Saigon Ho Chi Minh Glasnost Perestroika China Cuba Korea Vietnam U.S.S.R. U.S. Great Britain

46. The Cold War Match-Up… Margaret Thatcher – Great Britain Ronald Reagan – U.S. Fidel Castro – Cuba Mao Zedong – China Mikhail Gorbachev – U.S.S.R. Glasnost – U.S.S.R. Perestroika – U.S.S.R. Saigon – Vietnam Ho Chi Minh - Vietman

47. The Cold War: Chronology Put the following events in their correct order from the earliest to the most recent. Vietnam War The Fall of the Berlin Wall Gorbachev comes to power. Korean War Chinese Communist Revolution The Order: Chinese Communist Revolution Korean War Vietnam War (presence of U.S. troops) Gorbachev comes to power. The Fall of the Berlin Wall

48. GENOCIDE Which genocide took place in Turkey and was the first genocide of the 20 th century? Answer: oArmenian Which genocide took place between 1932 – 1933 in the U.S.S.R. and resulted in 7 million deaths? Answer: oUkrainian

49. Genocide Which genocide took place during a six-week time period – from December 13, 1937 to February 1938 and resulted in the deaths of some 300,000 Chinese? Answer: oThe Rape of Nanking Which genocide was an attempt by Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot to form a Communist peasant farming society resulting in the deaths of 25% of the country’s population from starvation, overwork, and executions? Answer: oCambodian Which genocide involved a conflict between three main groups, the Serbs – Croats – and Muslims? Answer: oBosnian

50. Genocide Unit: Rwanda Which European country claimed Rwanda in 1899? A. Britain. B. France. C. Germany. D. Belgium. Answer: oGERMANY

51. Genocide Unit: Rwanda Which European country controlled Rwanda after World War I? A. Britain. B. France. C. Germany. D. Belgium. Answer: oBELGIUM

52. Genocide Unit: Rwanda What is the dominant religion in Rwanda? A. Judaism. B. Christianity. C. Islam. D. Buddhism. Answer: oCHRISTIANITY

53. Genocide - Rwanda In what year did the Rwandan genocide occur? A. 1939. B. 1945. C. 1973. D. 1994. E. 2008. Answer: o2004

54. Genocide Unit: Rwanda – Hutu or Tutsi? Which group was favored under Belgian rule? Answer: oTUTSI Which group was the majority? Answer: oHUTU Which group was the minority? Answer: oTUTSI

55. Hutu or Tutsi – continued… Paul Rusesabagina HUTU Tatiana Rusesabagina TUTSI Interhamwe Militia (George Rutagunda) HUTU Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) TUTSI

56. The Modern World: Global “Hot Spots” / “Hot Topics” What do the letters OPEC mean/ represent? Answer: oOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Kashmir, an area of land in Southeast Asia which has been fought over for nearly 60 years is controlled by this nation: Answer: oIndia

57. Modern World. Match the countries below with the appropriate sentences below. ISRAEL, IRAN, IRAQ, AFGHANISTAN, KUWAIT In 1948, the modern nation of ________ was established by the UN. Answer: oISRAEL Saddam Hussein gained power of this country in 1979 and was eventually hanged on December 30, 2006. Answer: oIRAQ This country, which borders Iraq, is currently on uneasy terms with the United States due to its nuclear program. Answer: oIRAN

58. Modern World. Which of the following nations match the sentence below: Afghanistan, Israel, India, China, Japan. This country, which borders Pakistan, may be where 9/11 mastermind Osama bin Laden is hiding. After 9/11, the U.S. took swift military action there – ousting the Taliban and al Qaeda. Answer: oAFGHANISTAN

59. Modern World. Which of the following nations match the description below: Afghanistan, Israel, India, China, Japan. This country, the most populated in the world, suffered a devastating earthquake in 2008. They are also hosting the Summer 2008 Olympics. Finally, this nation has been criticized for manufacturing toys with lead paint. Answer: oCHINA

60. Modern World. Which of the following nations match the description below: Afghanistan, Israel, Pakistan, India, China, Japan. This nation, the second most populated in the world, is experiencing tremendous economic growth due to outsourcing – especially by U.S. companies. Answer: oINDIA

61. Modern World. Which of the following nations is being described below: Myanmar, Vietnam, Taiwan, Japan, Mexico. This nation experienced “an economic miracle” after World War II. It not only recovered from having two atomic bombs dropped on it, but is a leading manufacturer of electronics and automobiles in the world today. Answer: oJAPAN.

62. A few more things… Good luck on your exam! Thanks for a wonderful year!!!!!!!!! Have a safe and happy summer!!!!! Keep in touch! This concludes the power point review.