1. Animal Health & Maintenance
Identify signs of good and bad animal health;
Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare;
Describe common animal diseases, their transmission, and treatment;
Describe common animal parasites, how they are transmitted, and their prevention;
List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain animal health;
Describe basic housing requirements for typical domestic animals;
Design an animal facility.

2. Animals with Good Health…
A. Identify signs of good and bad animal health.
Animals with Good Health…
Normal feces and urine
Regular body temperature, respiration, & pulse rate
Alertness

3. Animals with Good Health…
A. Identify signs of good and bad animal health.
Animals with Good Health…
Skin and Coat should be oily (shiny) and elastic-like
Eyes bright and membranes pinkish
Aggressive eating
**Ruminants should be seen chewing cud

4. Animals with Good Health…
A. Identify signs of good and bad animal health.
Animals with Good Health…
Contented animals look free from anxiety. Some animals have specific signs to look for and others take a trained eye to recognize.
For Example:
Pigs will curl their tails when they are content and sheep will stay quiet.

5. Animals with Poor Health…
A. Identify signs of good and bad animal health.
Animals with Poor Health…
Isolation
Goes off feed
Droopy head & ears
Lower milk production

6. Animals with Poor Health…
A. Identify signs of good and bad animal health.
Animals with Poor Health…
Rough-looking, dull hair coat
Discolored urine or feces
Glassy eyes
Limited movement

7. Animal Ethics & Welfare
B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.
Animal Ethics & Welfare
What are ethics??
Ethics: something governed by moral principles.

8. Is Factory Farming ethical??
B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.
Is this a real problem??
Is Factory Farming ethical??

9. B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.

10. Animal Rights vs. Animal Ethics
B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.
Animal Rights vs. Animal Ethics
Animal Rights
Animal Ethics
A practical pursuit of applying morality to everyday situations.
An academic field of study that seeks to determine how we should behave to animals.
Concentrates only on rights, a sub-set of animal ethics.
Includes animal rights but has broader scope.
Asserts that using animals for human gain is morally wrong.
Asks how we should treat animals and provides a number of approaches.
Is a doctrine about how we should treat animals.
Is impartial and does not offer any particular moral viewpoint about animals.
Asserts that we have a duty to give animals rights and we should respect those rights.
Attempts to resolve moral animal-human issues using a number of schemes.
Concentrates on animals that sense and feel.
Applies to all animals.

11. B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.

12. B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.

13. Animal Ethics & Welfare
B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.
Animal Ethics & Welfare
The 5 Freedoms:
Freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutrition - by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigor.
Freedom from discomfort - by providing a suitable environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area.
Freedom from pain, injury and disease - by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment.

14. Animal Ethics & Welfare
B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.
Animal Ethics & Welfare
The 5 Freedoms:
Freedom to express normal behavior -by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animals own kind.
Freedom from fear and distress - by ensuring conditions that avoid mental suffering.

15. B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.

16. Disease & Parasite Prevention
What types of medication are used?
Wormers
Vitamins & Minerals
Antibiotics
Vaccines
Serum

17. Types of Syringes Syringes consist of a barrel and a plunger
B. Discuss the importance of animal ethics and welfare.
Types of Syringes
Syringes consist of a barrel and a plunger
Disposable— mostly plastic, usually thrown away after use
Reusable— made of glass, plastic and metal; must be sanitized between each use
Automatic— delivers larger doses repeatedly; ideal for vaccinating sows, steers and cows

18. Syringe & Needle Size
Syringes and needles are sized by gauge (diameter) and length
Common needle gauges: 16, 18 & 20
The smaller the gauge number, the larger the needle.
Common needle lengths (inches): ¼, ½, ¾, 1, 1¼, 1½, & 2

19. Plunger
Needle
Cap
Barrel

20. 3 Types of Injections
Intramuscular (IM): injections given directly into the muscle. 1” needle use is common for young animals and 1.5” needle for adults.

21. 3 Types of Injections
2. Subcutaneous (Sub-Q): injections given into the tissue directly below the skin. ½” to 1” needle is favorable.
“Tent” the skin when giving a Sub-Q injection.

22. 3 Types of Injections
3. Intravenous (IV): injections given into the veins. ½” to 1” needle is favorable.

23. Injection Lesions

24. Injection Lesions

25. HELPFUL TIPS
ALWAYS give injections in front of the shoulder.
Give injections SUB-Q when possible.
Keep injection sites at least 4 inches apart.

26. HELPFUL TIPS
4. Maximum dose for one site= 10 mL
5. Use proper size and length needles.
6. Read and follow directions for the specific product being used.

27. Bell Quiz 3/15/12
What are the parts of a syringe?
What are 3 types of Injections?
What is a gauge?
What are 2 helpful tips when giving injections?

28. D. Describe common animal parasites, how they are transmitted, and their prevention;
Symbiosis: biological relationship in which two dissimilar organisms live together in a close association.
Parasitism: close, long-term symbiotic relationship in which one organism obtains its nutrition from another organism.
HOST vs. PARASITE

29. D. Describe common animal parasites, how they are transmitted, and their prevention;
Parasites cause almost a billion dollars worth of damage to agricultural animals each year. Parasites will live out one or more phases of their life cycle at the expense of the host animal. These parasites can live outside or inside the host’s body.

30. D. Describe common animal parasites, how they are transmitted, and their prevention;
Internal Parasites
Most internal parasites are found in the digestive system of an animal; particularly the intestines.
Internal Parasites include:
Tapeworms
Roundworms
Coccidia

31. D. Describe common animal parasites, how they are transmitted, and their prevention;
External Parasites
External Parasites are visible to the human eye and can be taken care quicker than internal parasites.
External Parasites include:
Flies
Ticks
Fleas
Mosquitoes
Lice
Mites

32. Animal Processing Castration What is castration?
E. List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain animal health;
Animal Processing
Castration
What is castration?
Removal of the testicles.
Why do we castrate animals?
Castration is a means of birth control and behavior modification. Animals that have been castrated tend to be less aggressive and easier to handle.

33. Animal Processing What tools & methods are used for castration?
E. List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain animal health;
Animal Processing
What tools & methods are used for castration?
Emasculator
Burdizzo
Cheerios
Castrating Knife

34. Animal Processing Dehorning What is dehorning? Removal of horns.
E. List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain animal health;
Animal Processing
Dehorning
What is dehorning?
Removal of horns.
Why do we dehorn animals?
Dehorning prevents animals from causing harm to others in the herd, themselves, or humans. It also saves space.

35. Animal Processing What tools & methods are used for dehorning?
E. List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain animal health;
Animal Processing
What tools & methods are used for dehorning?
Hot Irons
Saws
Dehorners
Chemicals
*To stop bleeding after dehorning, heat cauterizing or dusting powder is typically used.

36. Animal Processing Identification Why is Identification important?
E. List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain animal health;
Animal Processing
Identification
Why is Identification important?
Identification helps in keeping accurate records in small or large herds.
What is the NAIS?
National Animal Identification System
Government run program that identifies & tracks specific animals.

37. Animal Processing What are some common methods of Identification?
E. List & describe basic procedures performed to maintain animal health;
Animal Processing
What are some common methods of Identification?
Branding
Ear Tagging
Tattooing
Ear Notching
Transmitters
*Use an ID method that is best for you!!
What are some common methods of Identification?
Branding
Ear Tagging
Tattooing
Ear Notching
Waddles

38. What are signs of good animal health?
Test Review
What are signs of good animal health?
What are signs of poor animal health?
What are ethics?
What is a current issue in Animal Ethics?
Why are Animal Ethics important?
As agriculturists and animal producers, how can we help society understand animal ethics?
What are the 5 freedoms?

39. Test Review
Disposable vs. Automatic Syringes
What is a gauge?
What is the range for length of needles?
What are 3 types of injections?
What are 3 helpful tips for giving injections?
What is Zoonosis, Symbiosis, & Parasitism?
Where are Internal Parasites found and what are some examples of internal parasites?
What are some examples of External Parasites?
What is castration & dehorning?
Why do we castrate & dehorn animals?
What are tools/methods used?
What is the NAIS
What are methods of Identification