1. US Army Corps of Engineers BUILDING STRONG ® Energy Modeling 401 Load Calculations Trane Trace 700 Regional Energy, Sustainable and LCCA Center of Expertise (RECx) Pacific Ocean Division December 2012

2. BUILDING STRONG ® TRAINING OBJECTIVE Audience – HVAC engineers Difference between energy model and load calc. Trane Trace 700 input and output screens

3. BUILDING STRONG ® AGENDA Terminology, Definitions Requirements for energy modeling Process Energy model vice Load calculation Trane Trace 700 Inputs Trane Trace 700 Outputs Questions/Comments

4. BUILDING STRONG ® Terminology “R-value” (or “U-factor”) – thermal resistance SHGC or solar heat gain – heat from the sun, typically thru windows. Schedule – when something is on or off, also used when the building is occupied. Usually used as a percentage of fully “on” or occupied. Building mass – “thermal inertia” or the ability (rate) of a building to absorb or retain heat. The higher the building mass, the more heat energy is retained in the building over time. Plug or Process loads – typically loads that are plugged in. An example would be a desk fan or a desk light. HVAC – Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning

5. BUILDING STRONG ® Terminology (con’t) ASHRAE – American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers, Inc. ASHRAE 90.1 or ASHRAE Standard 90.1-(referenced by year) – Energy Standard for Building Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings ASHRAE 189.1 or ASHRAE Standard 189.1-(referenced by year) – Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings Economizer – typically refers to scheduling an HVAC system to blow air without the heaters and chillers being on.

6. BUILDING STRONG ® Terminology (con’t) Energy Model (ASHRAE 90.1 requirements) “G2.2.1 The simulation program shall be approved by the rating authority and shall, at minimum, have the ability to explicitly model all of the following: a.8760 hours per year b.Hourly variations in occupancy, lighting power, miscellaneous equipment power, thermostat setpoints, and HVAC system operation, defined separately for each of the week and holidays c.Thermal mass effects d.Ten or more thermal zones e.Part-load performance curves for mechanical equipment f.Capacity and efficiency correction curves for mechanical heating and cooling equipment g.Air-size economizers with integrated control h.Baseline building design characteristics specified in Section G3”

7. BUILDING STRONG ® Energy Modeling Requirement “Gotta do it” (draft) UFC 1-200-02 EISA 2007 EPACT 2005 DoD Sustainable Buildings Policy. October 25, 2010 Dept. Army Memorandum. Subject: Sustainable Design and Development Policy Update (Environmental and Energy Performance). October 27, 2010 ECB’s (i.e. ECB No. 2011-1) Others…….

8. BUILDING STRONG ® Energy Modeling Process Steps: 1.Provide inputs to Energy Modeler 2.Energy Modeler to calculate baseline and proposed building 3.Analyze outputs to determine “biggest bang for the buck” 4.Modify inputs and provide to Energy Modeler 5.Repeat, repeat, repeat until desired outcome is met – design is an iterative process…. Energy Model (2) Input “A” Input “B” Input “C” Input “D” Input “E” Input “F” Output - generally energy used per groups of inputs 1 3 4 5

9. BUILDING STRONG ® Inputs ___Site Plan with North arrow, project location, local weather data ___Conditioned area, Semi-Conditioned area, Non-conditioned area ___Number of floors. Floor-to-floor height ___Utility rates (Electric, Gas, etc…) ___Space (building) usage, Lighting and schedules ___Building envelope and interior partitions ___Building electrical and process loads and schedules ___Mechanical and plumbing details and schedules TOILET PC Windows =UA(delta T) +solar heat gain Walls =UA(delta T) Ventilation air = sensible + latent Mass, reflectivity, etc… Plug loads = watts Plug loads = watts Lights = watts People = sensible + latent

10. BUILDING STRONG ® Load Calculation Process Steps: 1.Provide inputs to load calculation 2.HVAC engineer to initially size system 3.Analyze outputs to determine concept/final equipment/system 4.Modify inputs based on system(s) selected and re-run calc 5.Repeat, repeat, repeat until equipment/system is proven – design is an iterative process…. Load Calc (2) Input “A” Input “B” Input “C” Input “D” Input “E” Input “F” Output – equipment size, maximum, minimum (turn-down) 1 3 4 5

11. BUILDING STRONG ® Inputs ___Site Plan with North arrow, project location, local weather data ___Conditioned area, Semi-Conditioned area, Non-conditioned area ___Number of floors. Floor-to-floor height ___Utility rates (Electric, Gas, etc…) ___Space (building) usage, Lighting and schedules ___Building envelope and interior partitions ___Building electrical and process loads and schedules ___Mechanical and plumbing details and schedules TOILET PC Windows =UA(delta T) +solar heat gain Walls =UA(delta T) Ventilation air = sensible + latent Mass, reflectivity, etc… Plug loads = watts Plug loads = watts Lights = watts People = sensible + latent

12. BUILDING STRONG ® Energy Model vice Load Calculation Energy Model (objective) = Predicted annual energy usage Load Calculation (objective) = Equipment sizing Max. heating loadMax. cooling load Min. heating loadMin. cooling load

13. BUILDING STRONG ®

14. Creating A New Project

15. BUILDING STRONG ® Project Navigator View

16. BUILDING STRONG ® Project Tree View

17. BUILDING STRONG ® Component Tree View

18. BUILDING STRONG ® Entering Project Information

19. BUILDING STRONG ® Selecting Weather Map

20. BUILDING STRONG ® Importing Weather Data

21. BUILDING STRONG ® Weather Overrides

22. BUILDING STRONG ® Schedule Library

23. BUILDING STRONG ® Utilization Schedule

24. BUILDING STRONG ® Thermostat Schedule

25. BUILDING STRONG ® Templates

26. BUILDING STRONG ® Entering Space Data

27. BUILDING STRONG ® Define A New Roof

28. BUILDING STRONG ® Define Windows and Doors

29. BUILDING STRONG ® Model a Door

30. BUILDING STRONG ® Creating Systems

31. BUILDING STRONG ® Assign Rooms to Systems

32. BUILDING STRONG ® Creating Plants

33. BUILDING STRONG ® Cooling Equipment

34. BUILDING STRONG ® Archive a Project

35. BUILDING STRONG ®

36. Load Calculation Process Steps: 1.Provide inputs to load calculation 2.HVAC engineer to initially size system 3.Analyze outputs to determine concept/final equipment/system 4.Modify inputs based on system(s) selected and re-run calc 5.Repeat, repeat, repeat until equipment/system is proven – design is an iterative process…. Load Calc (2) Input “A” Input “B” Input “C” Input “D” Input “E” Input “F” Output – equipment size, maximum, minimum (turn-down) 1 3 4 5

37. BUILDING STRONG ® 37 Resources Lori Arakawa, PE, LEED GA, CEM Mechanical Engineer Business Tech Division, Pacific Ocean Division (808) 835-4685 Lori.A.Arakawa@usace.army.mil Reynold Chun, PE, LEED AP, MBA, CEM Chief, Mechanical Section Design Branch, Honolulu District (808) 835-4338 Reynold.C.Chun@usace.army.mil Keane Nishimoto Mechanical Engineer, Mechanical Section Design Branch, Honolulu District (808) 835-4340 Keane.T.Nishimoto@usace.army.mil

38. BUILDING STRONG ® 38 Resources Keith Molina, LEED BD+C, CxA Mechanical Engineer, Mechanical Section Design Branch, Honolulu District (808) 835-4341 Keith.M.Molina@usace.army.mil Reynaldo “Rey” Dalmacio, LEED GA Mechanical Engineer, Mechanical Section Design Branch, Honolulu District (808) 835-4342 Reynaldo.B.Dalmacio@usace.army.mil

39. BUILDING STRONG ® FEEDBACK? (e-mail - Lori or me) QUESTIONS/COMMENTS?

40. BUILDING STRONG ® Backup Slides

41. BUILDING STRONG ® Local Weather Report “Eh brah, it’s goin’ be cold ‘dis morning with mauka showers…. Afternoon goin’ be hot with makai sun… tradewinds will be gusty so, you ‘no, hang onto your da kine.”

42. BUILDING STRONG ® Local Weather Report (translation) “We will be expecting this morning to be in the mid-60’s (deg. F) with showers in the Ko’olau mountains. This afternoon it will be in the mid 80’s with continued sunshine along Waikiki Beach. Winds will be from the Northeast gusting up to 15 miles per hour.

43. BUILDING STRONG ® Entering Utility Rates

44. BUILDING STRONG ® Define New Utility Rate

45. BUILDING STRONG ® Creating a Baseline Building

46. BUILDING STRONG ® Entering ASHRAE 90.1 Requirements for Baseline Building

47. BUILDING STRONG ® Import ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Library Files

48. BUILDING STRONG ® Running Calculations

49. BUILDING STRONG ® Running Calculations

50. BUILDING STRONG ® Viewing Reports

51. BUILDING STRONG ® View Data Entries