1. 159.339 Quick Tour of the Web Technologies: The BIG picture LECTURE A bird’s eye view of the different web technologies that we shall explore and study.

2. 159.339 Client-Server Client Web browser OS requests an Internet resource by specifying a URL and providing input via HTTP encoded strings HTML supports Javascript, DOM, CSS, HTML Events Usually we want to open an HTML file from some website, but we can also open a program alternatively.

3. 159.339 Client-Server Client Web browser os Web server os Server Internet requests an Internet resource by specifying a URL and providing input via HTTP encoded strings Network Core

4. 159.339 Client-Server Client Web browser os Web server os Server Internet Server-side program works out the necessary business logic and dynamically builds an HTML response.

5. 159.339 Client-Server Client Web browser Web server Server Internet Server-side program sends back output as HTML using HTTP as transport mechanism

6. 159.339 Client-Server Client Web browser Web server Server Internet Client-side program (Internet Explorer, Firefox) displays the HTML output HTML text Graphics Streaming video/audio XML

7. 159.339 Our own webserver Client Web browser Web server HTML Server MySQL Operating System PHP Internet My codes Our codes might be embedded into an HTML, or vice- versa. It may generate an HTML on its own as well.

8. 159.339 Xitami Webserver free, fast and open source professional web server, written in ANSI C Server supports HTTP/1.0, FTP, CGI/1.1, SSI protocols Security: basic authentication per directory, FTP access rights per user and per directory Deployment: installs ready-to-run, portable to Windows, OS/2, Unix, OpenVMS, fully portable web sites and web applications; Performance: internal multithreading engine, fast even on slower systems Documentation: http://legacy.imatix.com/html/xitami/ Configuration: editable config files, or through a web-based administration interface (WBA)

9. 159.339 CGI Simple CGI Demonstration Let’s have a look at a very simple program (CGI) running in the server side CGI - The executable file generated out of a C program. Step 1. Run your webserver. Step 2. Using a browser, request for the HTML file containing our program from the server. Warning! You should specify the port number used by your webserver!

10. 159.339 HTTP Protocol

11. 159.339 HTTP and TCP/IP Client Web browser Web server HTML Server MySQL Operating System PHP Internet My codes HTTP TCP/IP Webserver supports HTTP. HTTP compliancy is implemented using TCP/IP components.

12. 159.339 Network Core Client Web browser Web server HTML Server MySQL Operating System PHP Internet My codes HTTP TCP/IP What’s in the network core?

13. 159.339 Validating HTML Client Web browser http://www.w3.org/QA/Tools/ We want to write HTML pages + CSS files that are interoperable across many platforms (OS + web browser combination) Web server Server How to validate your HTML and CSS files?

14. 159.339 Editor phpDesigner Personal Edition a free editor for your web-development. rapid fast and full-featured PHP editor and PHP IDE with built-in HTML, CSS and JavaScript editors and FTP/SFTP! Link: http://www.mpsoftware.dk/http://www.mpsoftware.dk/ What editor can we use to assist us in writing PHP, Javascript, HTML, CSS files, etc.?

15. 159.339 PuTTY Using a simple tool called PuTTY, examine the HTTP protocol in action when a web client interacts with your webserver (Xitami, running in your own machine). PuTTY is a free implementation of Telnet and SSH for Windows and Unix platforms, along with an xterm terminal emulator. It is written and maintained primarily by Simon Tatham. Is your server running properly? What was the server’s response? Which port number is open? netstat -anop TCP What is the IP address of your machine? Ipconfig /all http://surf11.com/entry/176/command-to-show-open-tcp-ports-windows

16. 159.339 What’s next? We shall be looking at all the details of prominent internet programming languages and technology but we shall study how to write HTML and CSS documents first. Next meeting, I shall provide a good background on the nuts and bolts of the internet so that you may have knowledge of the essential protocols that will be interacting with our web server.

17. 159.339 Servlets Servlets run inside a Web Container - the component of the web server that runs and interacts with servlets CLIENT

18. 159.339 Servlets Servlets run inside a Web Container - the component of the web server that runs and interacts with servlets Servlet is running on the server listening for requests When a request comes in, a new thread is generated by the web container. HTML, WML, XML CLIENT

19. 159.339 NetBeans Servlets go into a specific directory structure. NetBeans will create that for you. Compile, load, deploy your servlets. Link: http://netbeans.org/downloads/

20. 159.339 JSP – Have different members of your team work on the HTML layout and do the Java programming JSP encourages you to: Javacode content – Separate the (Java) code that creates the content HTMLcode presents from the (HTML) code that presents it

21. 159.339 JSP vs. Competing tech. JSP vs PHP richer language – Much richer language for the dynamic part – Better tool support – More resource efficient JSP vs pure servlets – More convenient to create HTML – Can use standard tools – Divide and conquer JSP vs client-side Javascript server – You control the server, not the client JSP vs.NET Portable – Open standards: Portable to multiple servers and operating systems JSP vs static HTML – Obvious!