1. UT DALLAS Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science FEARLESS engineering Security and Privacy in Social Networks Raymond Heatherly Data Security and Privacy Lab

2. FEARLESS engineering Social Network Privacy (Heatherly et al) Facebook currently has over 400 million users Each of these users specify details about themselves For example:

3. FEARLESS engineering So what? What about details they don’t specify? In our previous example, what political affiliation does she have? What about her job? Two possible reasons: –Forgot –Don’t want people to know

4. FEARLESS engineering Privacy But can we figure out anyways? For instance, is there anything our previous example does state that talks about her job? An activity talks about ‘my classroom’

5. FEARLESS engineering Learning Consider a social network as a graph, where the vertices are the users in the network, and the edges are friendship links between those users. Each node has a finite subset of detail types (hometown, birthdate, groups, books, etc.) Each detail type has a finite number of detail values (books = The Bible, Harry Potter, etc.)

6. FEARLESS engineering Model Building We use these properties to construct three different models: –Details Only –Links Only –Average

7. FEARLESS engineering Details Only Naïve Bayesian classifier (Detail independence) Builds a raw model based on training data over all details

8. FEARLESS engineering Links Only Naïve Bayes based With changes Weigh friendships based on similarity

9. FEARLESS engineering Average Calculate Link only and Details only probabilities and average them

10. FEARLESS engineering Collective Inference When we classify large graphs, the decisions we make at one node transfer through the graph CI gives us a series of algorithms to assist with handling these transfers –Local Classifier –Relational Classifier –CI Algorithm

11. FEARLESS engineering Preserving Privacy What happens when data is released? In what ways can we decrease accuracy of classifiers? We can add or remove links or details Consider what additions mean What about deletions?

12. FEARLESS engineering Our experiments Performed on data gathered from the DFW network on Facebook in the Spring of 2008 Performing only link or detail deletions For Details, remove the best identifiers of any classification globally For Links, remove links to those individuals most like a person

13. FEARLESS engineering Results

14. FEARLESS engineering

15. Access Control in Social Networks (Carminati et al, 2009) What about access to resources? For example, photos: Who should control viewers of a photo on Facebook? Now, on Facebook, the photo uploader has control of the photo’s viewers A person in the picture can only untag

16. FEARLESS engineering Parental rights over a minor What if a photo is of a minor child? How would a parent be able to (reliably) have photos removed or restricted of their children? What about limiting children’s access to inappropriate videos over a social network?

17. FEARLESS engineering Friendship Hierarchy Propose several generic classes of friends: –Friend –Co-Worker –Family Some classes can have (user-defined) specific sub-classes, such as a Best Friend, a Boss, a Parent, a child, etc.

18. FEARLESS engineering Project motivation What if we give all people tagged in a photo some say in who can see photos of them? Additionally, parents of minor children can also have a say in the permissions of photos of their children Instead of a static access list, what about inferring the authorizations using semantic reasoners?

19. FEARLESS engineering Data Generation Facebook doesn’t give full set of its data to researchers Needed to test efficacy of semantic solution using a comparable size of data Generated 350 million `users’ with their own security policies Simulated a scale-free network Generated Between 750,000 and 350 million resources

20. FEARLESS engineering Implementation challenges Initially, we attempted to do the reasoning on the entire data set. SweetRules did not update in-memory model of security policies, so gave incorrect responces Pellet then crashed due to the amount of memory required to perform inference on data set

21. FEARLESS engineering Partitioning We then decided to partition data But any single partition would be a cut that would have edges to (at least) one other partition These would decrease our accuracy Dynamic partitioning –Owner –Tagged individuals –Requestor

22. FEARLESS engineering Experiment 1 Friendship types: –Coworker –Friend: with BestFriend sub-type –Family: with Parent/Child sub-type Security policies: –1. Strict – Only BestFriends and Family can view photos of self and any child; child may not view any videos –2. Casual – Anyone can see photos; no restriction on child –3. ParentStrict – Anyone can see photos of the parent, only family can see photos of child;

23. FEARLESS engineering Experiment 2 Discard almost all Link Types –Keep ParentOf/ChildOf Replace with a Trust value between 1 and 10

24. FEARLESS engineering Experiment 3 Used a hybrid approach Maintained all general and specific link types Each friendship also assigned a Trust Value –i.e. A Best Friend with a TV of 6

25. FEARLESS engineering Results Time (in seconds) for each inference AverageLowHigh Link-Type only0.5850.5620.611 Trust Value Only0.6120.5340.598 Value/Trust Hybrid0.7310.6430.811

26. FEARLESS engineering Questions?