1. Table of Contents Title: Chapter 2 - Mapping our World Page #: 17
Date: 9/19/2012

2. Objectective
Students will be able to locate lines of latitude on a map.
Students will be able to explain how lines of latitude are derived.
Students will be able to convert degrees, minutes and seconds into kilometers.

3. Words of the Day
Angle - A measure of rotation expressed in degrees, minutes and seconds.
Degree (º)- A measure of rotation. There are 360º in a circle.
Minute (’) - One sixtieth of a degree.
Second (”) - One sixtieth of a minute.

4. Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World 2.1 Latitude and Longitude
**Lines of Latitude and Longitude are used to locate places on Earth.**
Latitude
Map - A flat model of the earth.
Cartography - Science of making maps.
Cartographers use a grid of parallel lines to locate exact point on Earth (coordinates.)

5. Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World 2.1 Latitude and Longitude
Equator - Horizontal line that separates the earth in half.
Latitude - Lines that are parallel to the equator. (“Flatitude”)
Measures distance in degrees away from the equator which is at 0º Latitude.
North Pole = 90º North Latitude (above the equator.)
South Pole = 90º South Latitude (below the equator.)

6. Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World 2.1 Latitude and Longitude
90º North Latitude
Northern Hemisphere
Equator (0º Latitude)
Southern Hemisphere
90º South Latitude

7. Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World 2.1 Latitude and Longitude
Where do degrees of Latitude come from?
Earth is a sphere. The equator is the X-axis.
Put sphere on an axis and measure the angle in degrees away from the origin O.
45º North Latitude
+ 45º angle O
- 45º angle
45º South Latitude

8. Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World 2.1 Latitude and Longitude
Degrees are divided into smaller units called “minutes.” ( ’ ) Minutes are divided into smaller units called “seconds.” ( ” )
Earth’s circumference = 40,000km.
1 Degree = 40,000km / 360º = 111km.
1 Minute = 1 degree / 60 = 111km / 60 = 1.85km.
1 Second = 1 minute / 60 = 1.85km / 60 = 0.031km.

9. Classwork
Read Daring Travelers complete questions.

11. Word of the Day
Nautical Mile: One minute of arc length of latitude or longitude at the equator, or 1852m.

12. Chapter 2 - Mapping Our World 2.1 Latitude and Longitude
**Lines of Latitude and Longitude are used to locate places on Earth.**
Longitude - The distance east or west of the Prime Meridian:
The prime meridian = 0º Longitude. It is a vertical line that runs through the Royal Naval Observatory in Greenwich, England.

13. Longitude Lines of Longitude are not parallel.
They are semicircles from the North Pole to the South Pole.
Degrees Longitude are measured East and West of the Prime Meridian.

14. Degrees of Longitude
Degrees are measurements of distances between lines of longitude.
Distance change based on corresponding Latitude.
1 Degree longitude at equator = 111km.
1 Degree longitude at poles = 0km
Longitude is also divided into Minutes ( ’ ) and Seconds ( ” ).

15. Coordinates:
To locate an exact location you need both degrees Latitude and degrees Longitude.
A coordinate set: (Latitude, Longitude)
In the picture, Charlotte is located at (35º14’N,80º50’W)

16. Time Zones: Objective: Students will be able to add and subtract time.
Students will be able to convert local time to Greenwich Mean Time.

17. Time Zones:
Because there are 24 hours in a day, there are 24 time zones.
Each time zone is 15º Longitude wide.
In the U.S. we have 6 time zones.

18. The International Date Line is the transition line for calendar days.
It is 180º opposite of the Prime Meridian.
If you cross it going west, you advance a day.
If you cross it going east, you go back a day.