1. The Texas Cattle Kingdom
After the Civil War, the Texas ranching industry grew.

2. Vocabulary Open range: grassy plains
Brand: a design burned into the hide of a cow
Line Rider: a cowhand who rides up and down the borders of a ranch to watch the cattle
Roundup: when cowhands from different ranches drive all the cattle they find into one area
Vaquero: a cowboy

4. The Open Range

5. The Open Range
Spanish explorers brought a lean type of cattle when they first came to Mexico back in the 1500s.

6. The Open Range
During the 1820s, Anglo American settlers brought cattle into Texas.
The cattle weighed more than the Spanish explorers‘ cattle.

7. The Open Range
Vaqueros began to crossbreed the two types of cattle.
Lean cattle + Fatter cattle= Texas longhorn = +

8. The Open Range
The new breed was known as the Texas longhorn.

9. The Open Range
Longhorn cattle…
Are strong animals
Have long legs

10. The Open Range Longhorn cattle… Have curved horns
The tips of the horns are about six feet apart.

11. The Open Range
Longhorn cattle…
Can travel many miles without water.

12. The Open Range A Texas symbol, The Texas Longhorns!
It symbolizes strength and the ability to thrive in a dry, dangerous land.

13. The Open Range
Before the 1880s, Texas ranchers did not build fences.

14. The Open Range
So, these huge animals were free to roam the grassy plains, or the open range.

15. The Open Range
By the time that the Civil War ended, there were about 5 million longhorn cattle in Texas.

16. The Open Range A few of the other cattle breeds in Texas: Shorthorn
Angus
Red Angus
Hereford

17. The Open Range A few of the other cattle breeds in Texas: Jersey
Beefmaster
Braford
Holstein

18. Quick Review What type of cattle is famous in Texas?
Because there were no fences before the 1880s, the cattle roamed the ________.
About how many longhorn cattle were there after the Civil War ended?

19. Ranching and Roundups

20. Ranching and Roundups
After the Civil War, many cattle owners brought their herds into Texas.

21. Ranching and Roundups
Some caught enough wild longhorns to form a herd.

22. Ranching and Roundups
They soon began to crossbreed the Texas longhorn with other breeds of cattle.

23. Ranching and Roundups Large ranches began forming in Texas.
The cattle herds stayed on the ranches’ land.

24. Ranching and Roundups
Well known ranchers owned and managed these large ranches.
Charles Goodnight
JA Ranch
Known as “The Father of the Panhandle”

25. Ranching and Roundups
Well known ranchers owned and managed these large ranches.
Richard King
Founded the King Ranch in 1853
Over 1,000,000 acres of land

26. Ranching and Roundups
Well known ranchers owned and managed these large ranches.
Henrietta King
Took over the King Ranch for forty years after her husband, Richard King, died.

27. Ranching and Roundups The King Ranch still operates today.
So well known, that Ford has some of its trucks named after the King Ranch.

28. Ranching and Roundups Challenges of Ranching…
How to tell which cattle belonged to which ranch?

29. Ranching and Roundups Challenges of Ranching…
How to tell which cattle belonged to which ranch?
So they had to brand their cattle.

30. Ranching and Roundups
All cattle with the same brand belonged to one rancher.

31. Ranching and Roundups
Ranchers hired cowhands to brand and tend their cattle.
Most cowhands were African American, Hispanic, or Native American.

32. Ranching and Roundups
Ranchers hired cowhands to brand and tend their cattle.
They could brand about 600 cattle in one afternoon

33. Texas Brands in 1879
There were people who were brand inspectors. They had to check and make sure that a ranch’s brand did not look like other ranches’ brands.

34. Texas Brands in p.268

35. Ranching and Roundups Line Riders
Rode up and down the borders of the ranch to watch the cattle.
Often camped out alone at night.

36. Ranching and Roundups
Even with the line riders and cowhands doing their jobs of watching the cattle, some cattle still got lost.

37. Ranching and Roundups
So, every spring and fall, the ranchers held a roundup.
Cowhands from different ranches drove all the cattle they found into one area.

38. Ranching and Roundups
So, every spring and fall, the ranchers held a roundup.
Then everyone helped separate the cattle by brands.

39. Ranching and Roundups
So, every spring and fall, the ranchers held a roundup.
Some of the branded cattle had given birth while on the open range.

40. Ranching and Roundups The cowhands had to brand the new calves.
They were easy to tell which calve belonged to which ranch, because the claves stayed close to their branded mothers.

41. Roundup Video

42. Quick Review When did ranching begin in Texas?
Name 3 of the well known ranch owners?
Why did ranchers have their cattle branded?
What are two types of workers that helped with ranching?
What was the purpose of a round up?

43. A Timeline of the Lesson
1800
1900
1850
1865
Five million longhorn cattle roamed wild in Texas.
1800
Large Tejano ranches operated in South Texas.
1880
Several very large ranches opened in Texas.

44. Activity

45. Quiz You will have 15 minutes to write a summary of the lesson.
Must be between 5 and 10 sentences.
Must include the main idea and important details.
Must contain these vocabulary words:
open range
brand
line rider
roundup
No Notes Allowed.