1. Photography Is the capture of reflective light on light sensitive material. Film-Base Photography used “silver” as the light sensitive material. Digital Photography uses a light sensitive sensor made up of pixels.

2. Digital Sensors Two Major Types 1. CCD = Charged Coupler Device 2. CMOS = Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Both Capture RED GREEN BLUE light

3. Sensor Sensitivity Is defined using the photographic term “ISO” ISO stands for the “International Standards Organization” that sets film sensitive to light.\ Today’s digital sensors capture all images at one set ISO but through in-camera image processing you will have the choice of many different ISO’s. We will study the reason for using different ISO’s and their characteristics later in the semester but for now let’s focus on it’s importance in image exposure.

4. Exposure Exposure = Intensity of Light (X) Time Intensity of Light is controlled by the aperture in the camera’s lens, which is referred to as an “f/stop”. Time is controlled by the shutter in the camera’s body, which is referred to as “shutter speeds”. The camera’s ISO (sensitivity to light) will determined how much Intensity of Light (X) Time will be needed to make an correct Exposure

5. Image Exposure

6. Unit Of Measurement The unit of measurement used to measure light is called a “Stop”. ISO’s use the measurement of a “Stop” Lens f/stop use the measurement of a “Stop” Shutter Speeds use the measurement of a “Stop” Digital Camera’s most often use the following measurements: full stops, 1/2 stops, 1/3 stops

7. Full - f/stops

8. Full or 1/2 f/stops either double or half as you move from one to the other 2X - 1/2X

9. Full Shutter Speeds

10. Full or 1/2 shutter speeds either double or half as you move from one to the other 2X - 1/2X

11. Full ISO’s

12. Full or 1/2 ISO’s either double or half as you move from one to the other 1/2X - 2X

13. Review

14. Range of f/stops for Digital Cameras The lowest f/stop is determined by the “speed of the lens” and will be different from camera to camera or lens to lens. f/1, f/1.2, f/1.4, f/1.8, f/2, f/2.8 (full stops) f/3.2, f/3.5, f/4, f/4.5, f/5.0, f5.6, f/6.3, f/7.1, f/8, f/9, f/10, f/11, f/13, f/14, f/16, f/18, f/20, f/22, f/25, f/29, f/32,………f/256 (1/3 stops)

15. Range of Shutter Speeds for Digital Cameras The slowest shutter speed on any type of camera is “B” = bulb or “T” = time. Both allow you to hold open the shutter for an unlimited amount of time. (Slowest) 1”, 0”8, 0”6, 0”5, 0”4, 0”3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 320, 400, 500, 640, 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3200, 4000-(Fastest) Note: Shutter Speeds are written: 1, 1/2…..1/60……1/250

16. Range of ISO’s for Digital Cameras (Less Noise) ISO 50, ISO 100, ISO 200, ISO 400, ISO 800, ISO 1600, ISO 3200, ISO H1, ISO H2(Increased Noise) Digital Noise resembles film grain