1. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 1 Lesson 10 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)

2. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 2 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) IPv6 solutions to IPv4 disadvantages IPv6 addressing DNS support for IPv6 Core protocols of IPv6 IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Differences between IPv4 and IPv6

3. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 3 Disadvantages of IPv4 Limited address space Flat routing infrastructure Configuration Security Quality of service (QoS) Mobility

4. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 4 IPv6 Solutions to IPv4 Disadvantages Huge address space Hierarchical routing infrastructure Automatic configuration Built-in security Better support for QoS Built-in mobility

5. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 5 The IPv6 Address Space 128-bit address space 3.4 x 10 38 possible addresses 128 bits were chosen to allow multiple levels of hierarchy and flexibility in designing hierarchical addressing and routing Typical unicast IPv6 address: 64 bits for subnet ID, 64 bits for interface ID

6. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 6 IPv6 Address Syntax 128-bit address is divided into 16-bit hexadecimal blocks and delimited by colons (colon-hexadecimal format) Examples of IPv6 unicast addresses: 3FFE:FFFF:2A:41CD:2AA:FF:FE5F:47D1 FE80:0:0:0:2AA:FF:FE5F:47D1 FEC0:0:0:41CD:2AA:FF:FE5F:47D1 Leading zeros within each block are suppressed

7. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 7 Compressing Zeros Some IPv6 addresses contain long sequences of zeros A single contiguous sequence of 16-bit blocks set to 0 can be compressed to “::” (double-colon) Examples: FE80:0:0:0:2AA:FF:FE5F:47D1 becomes FE80::2AA:FF:FE5F:47D1 FEC0:0:0:41CD:2AA:FF:FE5F:47D1 becomes FEC0::41CD:2AA:FF:FE5F:47D1 FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 (a multicast address) becomes FF02::1

8. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 8 IPv6 Prefixes Prefix is the part of the address where the bits have fixed values or are the bits of a route or subnet identifier IPv6 subnets or routes always uses address/prefix-length notation CIDR notation Examples: 3FFE:FFFF:2A:41CD::/64 is a subnet identifier 3FFE:FFFF:2A::/48 is a route FF::/8 is an address range

9. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 9 Types of IPv6 Addresses Unicast Address of a single interface One-to-one delivery to single interface Multicast Address of a set of interfaces One-to-many delivery to all interfaces in the set Anycast Address of a set of interfaces One-to-one-of-many delivery to a single interface in the set that is closest No more broadcast addresses

10. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 10 Unicast IPv6 Addresses Global addresses Used on IPv6 Internet Equivalent to IPv4 public addresses Local-Use Addresses Site-local addresses  Equivalent to IPv4 private addresses  Always begin with FEC0 Link-local addresses  Equivalent to APIPA addresses  Always begin with FE80

11. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 11 IPv6 Interface Identifiers Based on: Derived from the MAC address of the network adapter to which the address is assigned Randomly generated to provide IPv4-equivalent anonymity Assigned during a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) connection Assigned during DHCP configuration

12. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 12 DNS Support for IPv6 AAAA resource records for name-to- address resolutions PRT resource records in the IP6.ARPA reverse domain for address-to-name resolutions

13. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 13 Core Protocols of IPv6 IPv6 Replacement for IPv4 ICMPv6 Replacement for ICMP for IPv4 Neighbor Discovery Replacement for ARP, Redirect, and Router Discovery for IPv4 Multicast Listener Discovery Replacement for IGMPv2 for IPv4

14. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 14 IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Messages Neighbor Solicitation Neighbor Advertisement Router Solicitation Router Advertisement Redirect Processes Address resolution Duplicate address detection Router discovery Redirect Neighbor unreachability detection

15. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 15 Differences Between IPv4 and IPv6 FeatureIPv4IPv6 Address length32 bits128 bits Header size20-60 bytes40 bytes IPSec supportOptionalRequired QoS supportSomeBetter FragmentationHosts and routersHosts only Checksum in headerYesNo Options in headerYesNo Link-layer address resolutionARP (broadcast)Multicast Neighbor Discovery Messages Multicast membershipIGMPMulticast Listener Discovery (MLD) Router DiscoveryOptionalRequired Uses broadcasts?YesNo ConfigurationManual, DHCPAutomatic, DHCP DNS name queriesUses A recordsUses AAAA records DNS reverse queriesUses IN-ADDR.ARPA Uses IP6.ARPA

16. Microsoft Windows Server 2003 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference Slide: 16 Review IPv6 solutions to IPv4 disadvantages IPv6 addressing DNS support for IPv6 Core protocols of IPv6 IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Differences between IPv4 and IPv6