1. Landscape protection system
Comparative study: Poland and Germany
Marta Kubacka
Ulrike Schenke

2. 1. Methodological notes Poland Germany
Nature protection  means maintenance, sustainable use and restoration of resources, formations and elements of nature;
Landscape protection  means preservation of characteristic of a particular landscape
(reference: the Act on Environmental Protection of April 2004 (Dz. U. of 2004, no. 92, item 880)
Nature protection is for preservation of landscapes or parts of a landscape by ordering, protecting, regenerating, maintaining and developing measures
Landscape protection measures for conservation and maintenance of the natural and cultural characteristics of a landscape (reference: Umweltportal 2014)

3. 1I. Forms of special nature value protected by law:
POLAND
GERMANY
National parks
§ 24 National parks
Nature reserves
§ 23 Nature reserves
Nature 2000 areas
§ 31 Natura2000 areas
Landscape parks
§ 26 Landscape protection area
Protected landscape areas
§ 25 Biosphere reserves
Nature monuments
§ 23 National nature monuments
Documentation sites
§ 28 Nature monument
Ecological arable areas
§ 27 Nature parks
Natural and scenic complexes
§ 29 Protected landscape components
Plant, animal and fungi species protection
§ 30 Legally protected biotopes
Reference: the Act on Environmental Protection of 16 April 2004 (Dz. U. of 2004, no. 92, item 880); BNatschG (2010),

4. III. The regime of nature protection in Poland
Protected landscape area
Documentation site
Ecological arable land
Nature monuments
Landscape-nature complexes
Landscape park
Natura 2000
Nature reserve
National park
Plant, animal and fungi species protection

5. III. The regime of nature protection in Germany
Biosphere reserves
Nature park
Landscape protection area
legally protected biotopes
Nature reserves
Natura 2000
Protected landscape components
National nature monuments
National parks
IUCN Categories

6. IV. Area of special nature value protected by law in Poland:
Specification
No. of objects
Area in thousands hectares
% of total areas of the country
National parks 23
312,0
1,0
Nature reserves
1.469
123,2
0,5
Natura 2000
960
6.150,4
19,7
Landscape parks
121
2.577,8
8,1
Protected landscape areas
386
7600,1
22,4
Documentation sities
157
0,9
0,0
Ecological arable lands
6.952
51,7
0,2
Landscape-nature complexes
324
94,9
0,3
TOTAL -
41,4
Source: Polish General Statistical Office, Warsaw (2013) and own works.

7. IV. Area of special nature value protected by law in Germany:
Specification
No. of objects
Area in km2
% of total areas of the country
§ 23 Nature reserves
8.481
13014
3,6
§ 24 National parks 15
10395
2.9
§ 25 Biosphere Reserve 16
18469
3,7
§ 26 Landscape protection areas
8.210
100000
28,4
§ 27 Nature parks
104
95000 27
§ 28 Nature monuments No
data
available
§ 29 Protected landscape components
§ 30 Legally protected biotopes
§ 31 Natura 2000
5.253
80,729
15,4
@marta: can you explain what are: documentation sides and landscape nature complexes? Than I will seach for some data. But at hte moment I´m not sure if these two types are exist in germany.
Source: BfN (2014),

8. Areas under protection
41,4%
Natura 2000
47,6%
Landscape parks
19,9%

9. Nature parks: 104 Biosphere reserve: 16 National parks: 15
Reference: DUH (2008)

10. V. The main problems of landscape and nature protection:
Poland
Germany
 improper implementation of law and administration system (e.g. the European Landscape Convention)
 ca. 60 % of all nature reserves are smaller than 50 ha, no buffering against negative external influences
 incerasing demand for areas with substantial environmental and landscape value (e.g. built-up area)
 nature protection depends on the owner of the property
 incorrect spatial development, the lack of local cooperation
 protection areas are created without serious usage restrictions
 low citizen ecological knowledge
 Many protected areas have a double function
 lack of new types of protected areas (e.g. ecological corridors)
 conservation managements agreements
I will search for some more arguments, but normally you don´t learn such things at the university

11. VI. Protection of border landscape: a case study – The unique valley of Lower Odra

12. VII. Protection of border landscape: a case study – The unique valley of Lower Odra

13. VII. Protection of border landscape: a case study – The unique valley of Lower Odra
A project is a result of the long-term cooperation between Poland and Germany in the Valley of the Lower Odra;
The major objective of the project is the elaboration of the best solutions about international cooperation in the nature and landscape protection;
The scope of the project includes: nature protection, development of landscape tourism, increasing of ecological knowledge and supporting of regional development;
A value of the project is about 3,5 million euro and about 85% is founded by the European Regional Development Fund

14. National park Lower Odra Valley
National park Lower Odra Valley was founded in 1995
60 km long  wide flood plain, drained by many oxbow lakes
Vegetation is : flood plain forests, wetland vegetation and dry grasslands
At some parts: process conservation
(Reference: Tourismusverein Unterers Odertal e.V. , 2014)
Reference: LUA 2009
Reference: LUA 2009

15. Warta Mouth National Park
formed in 2001 Warta Mouth National Park covers a surface of hectares
the Warta River flowing through the middle of the Park is a natural border between two areas, Northern Polder and the floodland
the record of bird species of Warta Mouth National Park includes over 270 species along with 170 breeding ones
Reference:

16. References:
BfN (2014) [accessed: ]
Polish General Statistical Office, Warsaw
BNatschG, 2010., Bundesnaturschutzgesetz der BRD, Auszug, Bundesministeriums der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz, internet.de/bnatschg_2009/index.html [accessed: ]
DUH – Deutsche Umwelthilfe (2008), Großschutzgebiete in Deutschland – unsere Potntaile für Artenvielfalt werden zu wenig entwickelt, Magazin der Deutschen Umwelthilfe; p. 8-9
Landesumweltamt Brandenburg (LUA) (2014): Information flyer of the national park lower odra valley. Published by Landesumweltamt Brandenburg ,1p.
The Act on Environmental Protection of 16 April 2004 (Dz. U. of 2004, No. 92, item 880)
The unique valley of Lower Odra [accessed: ]
Tourismusverein Unterers Odertal e.V. , (2014) odertal.de/de/nationalpark/wissenswertes/zahlen-und-fakten/ [accessed: ]
Umweltportal Gelsenkirchen (2014): p [accessed: ]
Warta Mouth National Park [accessed: ]