1. EMR21: Lecture 9 After critical GIS and cartography New mapping industries EMR211#digimap

2. EMR21#digimap2 1987 Chrisman, N.R., 1987. Design of geographic information systems based on social and cultural goals. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 53 (10), 1367-1370.

3. EMR21#digimap3 1989 Harley, J.B., 1989. Deconstructing the map. Cartographica 26, 1-20.

4. EMR21#digimap4 critical cartography 2000ish

5. EMR21#digimap5 1990 Taylor, P.J., 1990. GKS. Political Geography Quarterly 9, 211-212.

6. EMR21#digimap6 1991 Openshaw, S., 1991. A view on the GIS crisis in geography, or, using GIS to put Humpty-Dumpty back together again. Environment and Planning A 23 (5), 621-628.

7. EMR21#digimap7 1991 Taylor, P.J., Overton, M., 1991. Further thoughts on geography and GIS. Environment and Planning A 23 (8), 1087-1090.

8. EMR21#digimap8 1992 Openshaw, S., 1992. Further thoughts on geography and GIS: a reply. Environment and Planning A 24 (4), 463-466.

9. EMR21#digimap9 1992 Smith, N., 1992. History and philosophy of geography: real wars, theory wars. Progress in Human Geography 16, 257-271.

10. EMR21#digimap10 1993 Lake, Robert W. 1993. "Planning and applied geography: positivism, ethics, and geographic information systems." Progress in Human Geography no. 17 (3):404-413.

11. EMR21#digimap11 1993 Sheppard, E., 1993. Automated Geography: What Kind of Geography for What Kind of Society? The Professional Geographer 45 (4), 457-460.

12. EMR21#digimap12 community-based GIS participatory GIS and public participation GIS GIS & Society critical cartography 2000ish Pickles, John, ed. 1995. Ground Truth: The social implications of geographic information systems. New York: Guilford. Sheppard, Eric. 1995. GIS and Society: Towards a Research Agenda. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 22 (1):5-16.

13. EMR21#digimap13 1999 Schuurman, N., 1999. Critical GIS: Theorizing an Emerging Science. Cartographica 36 (4).

14. EMR21#digimap14 1999 Schuurman, N., 1999. Critical GIS: Theorizing an Emerging Science. Cartographica 36 (4).

15. EMR21#digimap15 1999 Schuurman, N., 1999. Critical GIS: Theorizing an Emerging Science. Cartographica 36 (4).

16. EMR21#digimap16 1999 Schuurman, N., 1999. Critical GIS: Theorizing an Emerging Science. Cartographica 36 (4).

17. EMR21#digimap17 community-based GIS participatory GIS and public participation GIS GIS & Society critical cartography critical GIS 2000ish

18. EMR21#digimap18 feminist GIS community-based GIS participatory GIS and public participation GIS GIS & Society critical cartography critical GIS 2000ish qualitative GIS Kwan, Mei-Po. 2002. Introduction: Feminist Geography and GIS. Gender, Place and Culture 9 (3):261-262. Kwan, Mei-Po, and LaDona Knigge. 2006. Doing qualitative research using GIS: an oxymoronic endeavor? Environment and Planning A 38:1999-2002. Harvey, Francis, Mei-Po Kwan, and Marianna Pavlovskaya. 2005. Introduction: Critical GIS. Cartographica 40 (4):1-3.

19. EMR21#digimap19 feminist GIS community-based GIS participatory GIS and public participation GIS GIS & Society critical cartography critical GIS 2000ish qualitative GIS volunteered geographic info. neogeography and the geoweb spatial humanities Turner, Andrew J. 2006. Introduction to Neogeography, O'Reilly. Elwood, Sarah A. 2008. Volunteered geographic information: key questions, concepts and methods to guide emerging research and practice. GeoJournal 72:133- 135. Bodenhamer, David J., John Corrigan, and Trevor M. Harris, eds. 2010. The spatial humanities : GIS and the future of humanities scholarship. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

20. EMR21#digimap20 an evolving research agenda Sheppard, E., 2005. Knowledge Production through Critical GIS: Genealogy and Prospects. Cartographica 40 (4), 5-21.

21. EMR21#digimap21 Sheppard, E., 2005. Knowledge Production through Critical GIS: Genealogy and Prospects. Cartographica 40 (4), 5-21. GIS society

22. EMR21#digimap22 Sheppard, E., 2005. Knowledge Production through Critical GIS: Genealogy and Prospects. Cartographica 40 (4), 5-21. GIS society method epistemology

23. EMR21#digimap23 Sheppard, E., 2005. Knowledge Production through Critical GIS: Genealogy and Prospects. Cartographica 40 (4), 5-21. GIS society method epistemology

24. critical GIS 1. theory of GIS that locates GIS as an object that has disciplinary/societal effects 2. to show how these effects operate 3. to push against the limits of GIS 4. to ask whether it could be different EMR21#digimap24

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28. EMR21#digimap28 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W7da0VuiL0 P OSITION OF S AN M IGUEL T ILTEPEC ON M ÉXICO I NDÍGENA We, the citizens of the community of San Miguel Tiltepec, through our Municipal Authority and Commissioner of Communal Goods, would like to let you know our position regarding an investigative project called México Indígena, begun in 2006 and finished in July of 2008, which produced a map containing information regarding place names as well as other cultural and geographical information furnished by people in our community. The investigative researchers and students (Derek Smith, John Kelly, Aída Ramos and others), headed by Peter Herlihy, who appeared before the General Assembly in our community, only told us that the aim of the research was to find out about the impacts of the PROCEDE program on indigenous communities. They never told us that the data they collected in our community would be turned over to the Foreign Military Studies Office (FMSO) of the United States Army, and neither did they inform us that that institution was one of the sources of financing for the project. For this reason, we believe that our General Assembly was deceived by the researchers, who intended to gather information for their own interests. For the reasons stated above, we want to made our disagreement perfectly clear with regards to the investigation carried on in our community since we were never duly informed of the true aims of the project, the uses of the information furnished, or the sources of financing.

29. Where is business… EMR21#digimap29

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35. EMR21#digimap35 http://www.google.com/glass/start/how-it-feels/

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41. EMR21#digimap41 “Headphones connected to the iPhone, iPhone connected to the Internet, connected to the Google, connected to the government.” (M.I.A., The Message, 2010)

42. EMR21#digimap42 “Headphones connected to the iPhone, iPhone connected to the Internet, connected to the Google, connected to the government.” (M.I.A., The Message, 2010) DoD  GPS Representations of global space –  US military hegemony –  global capitalism

43. EMR21#digimap43 “Headphones connected to the iPhone, iPhone connected to the Internet, connected to the Google, connected to the government.” (M.I.A., The Message, 2010) DoD  GPS Representations of global space –  US military hegemony –  global capitalism FCC  Enhanced 911  LBS

44. EMR21#digimap44 2001 ish European LBS:  bars, food, taxis  SMS FriendFinder US LBS:  AT&T Find Friends

45. EMR21#digimap45 2001 ish European LBS:  bars, food, taxis  SMS FriendFinder US LBS:  AT&T Find Friends 2005… Google Earth Google Maps API Dopplr.com Qype.com Loopt.com Brightkite.com

46. EMR21#digimap46 2001 ish European LBS:  bars, food, taxis  SMS FriendFinder US LBS:  AT&T Find Friends 10 applications that make the most of location (from Biba 2009) 1 Drive fast, avoid the cops (locations of known speed traps): Trapster 2 Sleep easy, we’ll wake you (missing your stop on public transit): iNap 3 Play tag, with strangers: JOYity 4 Call a cab, the easy way (location-aware cab services): Cab4Me 5 Scan a barcode, find a deal (local deals): ShopSavy 6 See the world, through Google’s eyes: Google Earth 7 Train your phone to know its place (location-aware phone ringer settings): Locale 8 Look Up! Be a stellar student (what stars are above): GoSkyWatch 9 Dark Alley? Call for help (location-aware alarm system): SafetyNet 10 Go here when you gotta go (location- aware facility finding): SitOrSquat 2005… Google Earth Google Maps API Dopplr.com Qype.com Loopt.com Brightkite.com

47. EMR21#digimap47 March 2009  SXSW  foursquare Launch

48. EMR21#digimap48 March 2009  SXSW  foursquare Launch

49. EMR21#digimap49 March 2009  SXSW  foursquare Launch

50. EMR21#digimap50 March 2009  SXSW  foursquare Launch

51. EMR21#digimap51 conspicuous mobility check ins  conspicuous consumption check ins  40 million users (Sept. 2013) check ins  4.5 billion check-ins

52. EMR21#digimap52 Dennis Crowley 2009 by Dave Pinter, Flickr “use software to change behavior”

53. EMR21#digimap53 Dennis Crowley 2009 by Dave Pinter, Flickr “use software to change behavior” “by using game mechanics, people feel that they are more interesting, that they are leading more interesting lives”

54. EMR21#digimap54 Dennis Crowley 2009 by Dave Pinter, Flickr “use software to change behavior” “by using game mechanics, people feel that they are more interesting, that they are leading more interesting lives” “kind of crazy, but crazy in a good and interesting way.”

55. EMR21#digimap55 the location- aware future?

56. EMR21#digimap56 the location- aware future? LBS  narrowing of spatial interaction

57. EMR21#digimap57 the location- aware future? LBS  narrowing of spatial interaction LBS  allow/enable/demand/reward consumptive mobilities

58. EMR21#digimap58 the location- aware future? LBS  narrowing of spatial interaction LBS  allow/enable/demand/reward consumptive mobilities LBS  incursion into everyday life (for some)

59. EMR21#digimap59 the location- aware future? LBS  narrowing of spatial interaction LBS  allow/enable/demand/reward consumptive mobilities LBS  incursion into everyday life (for some) LBS  privatization of mobility

60. EMR21#digimap60 the location- aware future? LBS  narrowing of spatial interaction LBS  allow/enable/demand/reward consumptive mobilities LBS  incursion into everyday life (for some) LBS  privatization of mobility LBS  refiguring of urban interaction

61. EMR21#digimap61 Movement 2010 by Gwen Vanhee, Flickr “ Mobile is local.... The entire context for everything that I do is me, my person, my location.” (Agüera y Arcas 2010)

62. EMR21#digimap62 Movement 2010 by Gwen Vanhee, Flickr “ Mobile is local.... The entire context for everything that I do is me, my person, my location.” (Agüera y Arcas 2010) transactional imagination <> relational spatiality

63. EMR21#digimap63 Movement 2010 by Gwen Vanhee, Flickr “ Mobile is local.... The entire context for everything that I do is me, my person, my location.” (Agüera y Arcas 2010) transactional imagination <> relational spatiality “ You can’t hold places still. … We do not feel the disruptions of space, the coming upon difference. On the road map you won’t drive off the edge of your known world. In space as I want to imagine it, you just might.” (Massey 2005, pages 225, 111)