1. S2 – COMMUNICATIONS UNIT
INTERNET THEORY
UNIT

2. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN: After this unit, you will know:
What the Internet is.
What is needed to connect to the Internet.
Rules and Behaviour of the Internet
How to access the Internet.
How to look up web pages.
How to use search engines.
Understand the toolbar of a web page.

3. WHAT IS THE INTERNET? The Internet can be described as a:
“Huge collection of computers around the world”
We can say that these computers are:
“All linked together, and they can “talk” to each other, sharing information and ideas”
If YOUR computer is connected to the Internet, then it will be able to:
“Connect to millions of other computers around the world”

4. HOW TO CONNECT TO THE INTERNET
To connect your computer to the Internet, you will need the following:
A MODEM
COMPUTER SYSTEM
INTERNET SOFTWARE OR BROWSER
TELEPHONE LINE
This will give you a computer that can access the Internet:

5. WHAT CAN YOU DO ON THE INTERNET?
The Internet can be used in many different ways, these include:   
·        Sending electronic letters to people.
·        Read pages on the World Wide Web.
·        Play games with people on the other side of the
world.
·        Chat to people.
·        Buy things on the Internet and have them
delivered to your house!

6. WORLD WIDE WEB What is the World Wide Web?
“It is part of the Internet and is made up of millions and trillions of pages of information!”
When we look up the Internet, we call it:
SURFING THE NET!

7. WEB PAGES: Also pictures can be hyperlinks
The pages are linked using a HYPERLINK. This is usually shown with the word in blue and underlined. If you move the mouse over the word it will change to a HAND
Also pictures can be hyperlinks
as well, again the same thing happens when you move your mouse over the picture, the hand appears.

8. The use of the Internet has been in the news a lot recently.
This is because if it’s not used properly and safely, like with anything else, bad things can happen.
Remember there are all kinds of different people using the Internet for different things. Some people use the internet disguised as someone else, so you always have to be careful.
Therefore there are certain rules that YOU SHOULD USE WHEN “SURFING” THE INTERNET.

9. DON’T:
Never give out your full name, address, phone number, school name and address or any other personal information. YOU NEVER KNOW WHOM YOU REALY ARE TALKING TO.
Do not enter any competitions without asking your parents first.
If you receive information that is abusive or makes you uncomfortable, let your parents or teacher know. Never respond to it yourself.

10. DON’T:
NEVER AGREE TO MEET SOMEONE YOU HAVE “MET” ON THE INTERNET - you wouldn’t go into a strangers car, so why meet someone you haven’t met or know?
Do not click on any links that are contained in from anyone you don't know. Such links could lead to inappropriate web sites or viruses.
NEVER SEND YOUR PICTURE OR FRIENDS PICTURE TO ANYONE YOU DON’T KNOW.
Do not give out your passwords to anyone (even best friends), other than your parents.

11. DO’S
Follow the rules you and your parents have set up regarding your use of the Internet.
Treat others on the Internet the way you want to be treated! They are people, not computers!
Know exactly what your are “looking for”, and use the standard search engines to start you off (especially if you don’t know the web addresses. Make sure you key in the web address exactly.

12. IT IS COMMON SENSE! HAVE FUN, SURFING!!
FOLLOW THESE RULES, AND YOU WILL HAVE A GREAT TIME SURFING THE INTERNET AND EXPANDING YOUR KNOWLEDEGE OF THE WORLD.
HAVE FUN, SURFING!!

13. USING THE INTERNET:
The Internet has different things within it that you can do. We are going to look at some of them. They include:
Web Sites
Chat Rooms
When using any of the above areas of the Internet, there is a universal code that all users should use when using the Internet.
These rules are about the way you BEHAVE ON THE INTERNET AND THE WAY YOU CONDUCT YOURSELF ON THE INTERNET. This is known as NETIQUETTE.

14. Again its common sense, think of it this way, when you talk to your friends, family or strangers you are polite, sincere, behave well and say things that mean something.
Therefore the way you behave towards people face to face, you should behave the same way while you are on the Internet.

15. BEHAVIOUR ON THE INTERNET:
Be polite and courteous at all times. Remember that you're not communicating with a computer screen, but with a human being who has thoughts and feelings just like you. So, always think of the person on the receiving end of your messages.
Do not TYPE ALL IN CAPITAL LETTERS for emphasis. IT LOOKS LIKE YOU ARE SHOUTING. If you need to emphasize a word, use asterisks, like *this* or lines, like _this_.
Be careful not to use rude or bad language online.

16. BEHAVIOUR ON THE INTERNET:
Don't break any laws. When you're on the net, follow the same rules of behaviour that you would in real life. Remember, if it is against the law in the real world, it is against the law in the Internet or cyberspace.
Be brief whenever possible. Be patient with newcomers.
Now answer the questions in TASK 2 which is in your work sheet.

17. ACCESSING THE INTERNET:
When using the Internet, there are
Keying the web address.
Using a search engine.
When using the Internet, there are
Keying the web address.
Using a search engine.
different ways in which you can access the Internet. These can be by:
different ways in which you can access the Internet. These can be by:
ACCESSING THE INTERNET:
When using the Internet, there are different ways in
which you can access the Internet. These can be by: 
Keying the web address.
Using a search engine.
1. WEB ADDRESS:
A web address is a quick and easy way to find information that you want on a certain thing. Examples of web addresses are:

18. When you type in the web address, it will take you to the organisations home page.
The home page is the “starting point” for most organisations or people with web pages. It will tell you what is in the site, what links there are, free downloads etc.
NOTE: THE ADDRESSES SHOULD BE TYPED EXACTLY, OR YOU WILL END UP ON A DIFFERENT WEB SITE.

19. 2. SEARCH ENGINES:
Perform searches for information on the Internet based on the words or phrases you supply. Most popular search engines are:
The uk tells us it is a British site. If you see com at the end of a web site, then that is world wide.
When using search engines, you should always try and be precise with your description of words. For example words like “and”, “or”, “a” etc are very common, so the search engines will ignore these words and concentrate on the other words.

20. For example. let’s say we wanted to look up information about panama hats. We would go to a search engine, like Google, and type in; “how to buy panama hats”. When the search was done it would list all the sites relating to panama hats, but ignore common words like “how to”. Like the result below.
Ignored common words!

21. 4. WEB PAGE:
This is a typical web page. We are going to study the toolbar of the web page, so that we know what the different icons do.
Here is the BBC’s home page.
We are going to look at the toolbar, so we know how to use it.

22. THE TOOLBAR
This is the menu bar, where you can save, print, keep your favourites web sites etc.
BACK
FORWARD
These two buttons allow you to navigate between the pages.
The back button allows you to back though the pages, while the forward button allows you to go the next page.

23. This bar, allows you to type in your web address.
The stop button allows you stop whatever you were doing, for example downloading or moving to another page. The refresh button will allow you try and re-load the web page, if you had any difficulties.
STOP
REFRESH
This bar, allows you to type in your web address.

24. This button will take you to a web page which allows you to search for things on the Internet.
When you click on the Favourites button, you will see a list of your favourite web sites. You can then click on one of the names to visit that site.
Clicking on the HISTORY button shows list of the web pages which you have visited during the last few days / weeks. This makes it easier to return to sites, which you have looked at recently.

25. WHAT Should Have LEARNT:
you will now know:
What the Internet is.
What is needed to connect to the Internet.
Rules and Behaviour of the Internet
How to access the Internet.
How to look up web pages.
How to use search engines.
Understand the toolbar of a web page.