1. Which Cereals are the Healthiest? Michaela Todd, Halley White, Kalli Rasmussen, Ellie Hagen

2. ●Fiber (more than 3 grams) ●Sodium (less than 240 grams) ●Sugar (less than 7 grams) *If a cereal meets two of these factors, it is considered moderately healthy.* -For this study, moderately healthy will be considered healthy. http://www.eatingwell.com/nutrition_health What makes a Cereal Healthy

3. ●We used www.ranker.com to pick 30 of the most popular cereals.www.ranker.com ●This is a good representation of the cereal population because any brand or type of cereal can be voted for on this website. ●We got our nutrition facts from caloriecount.about.com Our data

4. Quantitative: ●Serving Size ●Calories ●Fat (grams) ●Sodium (grams) ●Sugar Content (grams) ●Fiber Qualitative: ●Is the cereal healthy? ●Kid friendly Variables of Interest

5. ●Brightly colored box- attracts kids’ attention. ●Animals or characters (ex. Froot Loop’s toucan)- Most kids like animated characters so they like to eat cereals with their favorite characters on them. ●Games on the back of the box- gives kids something to do while they eat their cereal in the morning. *At least two of the criteria has to be met for the cereal to be considered “kid friendly”. Criteria of Kid Friendly Cereal

6. ●Out of our 30 cereal sample, we determined that 21 were targeted towards kids. ●Out of the 21 kid targeted cereals, only 6 were considered moderately healthy or healthy. ● All 9 cereals that we determined were not marketed towards kids were considered moderately healthy or healthy. ●According to our data, 6/21 or 29% of kid marketed cereals are healthy while 9/9 or 100% of non-kid marketed cereals are healthy. ●Based on the results of our study, we can conclude that cereals that are targeted towards children are generally less healthy than cereals that are not targeted towards children. *In this study moderately healthy and healthy are considered healthy. Are Cereals targeted for young kids more or less healthy than ones not marketed as heavy for young kids?

7. Raw Data CerealSS(cups)CaloriesFat (g)Sodium(g)Sugar(g)Fiber(g)Healthy?Kid Ad? Raisin Bran 11901210187 ModerateNo Froot Loops 11101135123 ModerateYes LuckyCharms 0.751101170102 NoYes Frosted Mini Wheats 119010116 ModerateYes Special K 11200.522040 ModerateNo Cinnamon Toast Crunch 0.751302.82109.92 NoYes Cheerios 11101.82001.23 YesNo Honey Bunches of Oats 1.751201.514062 ModerateNo Frosted Flakes 0.751100150101 NoYes

8. Honey Nut Cheerios 0.751101.51609NoYes Apple Jacks 1110113012ModerateYes Cap’n Crunch 0.751091.620211.8NoYes Rice Krispies 1.2513001904Moderate Yes Cocoa Puffs 0.751101.515012NoYes Corn Pops 112001059ModerateYes Golden Grahams 0.75120127010NoYes Honey Comb 1.5130118010NoYes Cookie Crisp 0.7510011209NoYes Trix 11201.518010NoYes Reeses Puffs 075120316010NoYes

9. Life11501.92007.52ModerateNo Cocoa Krispies 0.751201130120.5NoYes Corn Flakes1100020031ModerateNo Honey Smacks 0.751000.540151NoYes Count Chocula 0.751101160121NoYes Fruity Pebbles 0.75110119090ModerateYes Wheaties0.751000.519043YesNo Chex11200.522032ModerateNo Kix1.25110118033YesNo Waffle Crisp11202.5115121NoYes

10. Serving Size (cup) CaloriesFat (grams)Sodium (grams)Sugar Content (grams) Fiber (grams) Mean0.94120.31.12163.578.981.92 Median11151175102 Mode0.751101190101 Max.1.751903270187 Min.0.75100001.20 Range190327016.87 IQR0.251016562 Q10.751100.513561 Q311201.5200123 Standard Deviation 0.2421.750.7653.873.921.57 Outliers0.375 &1.375 1.75(Honey Bunches of oats) 95 &135 190(Raisin Bran, Frosted mini Wheats) 150(Life) -1 & 3 3 grams (Reese’s Puffs) 37.5 & 297.5 0 grams (Frosted Mini Wheats) 3 & 21 3 grams (Corn Flakes, Chex, Kix) -2 & 6 7(Raisin Bran) NDUAMTEARICNDUAMTEARIC

11. Serving Size ●Shape- We can see from the histogram and the scatterplot that our data is skewed right. ●Outliers- 1.75 cups (Honey Bunches of oats) ●Center- Slide 10 shows the measures of center for Serving Size. We can see from the data that our values are concentrated in the.75 -1 cup range but measures of center, like the mean, are skewed right. ●Spread- By looking at the Graphs we can see that the data is heavily concentrated between 0 and 1 cups. ●From this data we can see that most cereals lie between the 0-1 cup range for Serving Size.

12. Calories ●Shape- This data is skewed right. ●Outliers- 190 Calories (Raisin Bran, Frosted mini Wheats) 150 Calories (Life) ●Center- The measures of center on slide 10 also show that the data is skewed right. ●Spread- The data is concentrated on the left side of the graph. ●We can see from this data that most cereals lie in the 0-122.5 calorie range.

13. Fat Grams ●Shape- The data is skewed to the right. ●Outliers- 3 grams (Reese’s Puffs) ●Center- The mean is skewed right as well. ●Spread- The data is concentrated on the left side of the graph. ●By looking at these graphs, we can determine that most cereals lie between 0-1.5 grams of fat.

14. Sodium ●Shape- This data is skewed left. ●Outliers- 0 grams (Frosted Mini Wheats) ●Center- The measures of center show that the data is skewed left. ●Spread- The data is concentrated on the right side of this graph. ●By looking at these graphs we can determine that most cereals have between 75-225 grams of sodium. Most of our cereals meet the healthy criterion for Sodium more than 75% (Q3= 200).

15. Sugar Content ●Shape- This data is bimodal. ●Outliers- 3 grams (Corn Flakes, Chex, Kix) ●Center- The measures of center seem to be accurate. They may be skewed a little bit to the left because of the outlier. ●Spread- There is a higher concentration of data on the right side of the graph. ●By looking at these graphs we can determine that most cereals fit within the middle values for Sugar Content (6-15 grams). A little more than 25% of our cereals meet the healthy criterion for Sugar Content (Q1= 6g).

16. Fiber ●Shape- The data is skewed right. ●Outliers- 7 grams (Raisin Bran) ●Center- The measures of center are skewed right as well because of the outlier. ●Spread- The data is concentrated on the right side. ●From this data we can see that most cereals lie in the 0-3.5 gram range for fiber. This shows us that the majority of our sample does not meet the 3 gram or higher criterion that needs to be met for a cereal to be considered healthy. More than 50% of our cereals do not meet this requirement. (Median= 2g).

17. Serving Size v. Calories ●x-axis: Calories ●y-axis: Serving Size (cups). ●Correlation: 0.227 ●Coefficient of determination: 0.052 ●5.2% of data variation can be explained by the LSRL. ●LSRL: y=0.003x+0.64 The LSRL does not make sense for this set of data because the relationship is not linear and has an extremely weak correlation. ●The residual graph also shows that the LSRL is not reliable because all of the data falls in one section which is a pattern. Scatter Plot Residual Plot

18. ●x-axis: Fat (grams) ●y-axis: Serving Size (cups) ●Correlation: -0.089 ●Coefficient of Determination: 0.01 ●1% of the variation of the data can be explained by the LSRL. ●LSRL: y=-0.03x+0.989 ● The LSRL is not reliable for this data set because the data has an extremely weak correlation. There are also a lot of outliers on the residual plot. Serving Size v. Fat Scatter Plot Residual Plot

19. ●x-axis: Serving Size (cups) ●y-axis: Sodium (g) ●correlation: -0.018 ●coefficient of determination:.0003 ●0.03% of the variation of the data can be explained by the LSRL. ●LSRL: y=-3.956+166.05 ●The LSRL is not reliable for this data set because the correlation is extremely weak and the residual plot shows a pattern. Sodium v. Serving Size Scatter Plot Residual Plot

20. ●x-axis: Sugar Content (g) ●y-axis: Serving Size (cups) ●correlation: -0.215 ●coefficient of determination: 0.046 ●4.6% of the variation of the data can be explained by the LSRL. ●LSRL: y=-0.014x+1.08 ●The LSRL is not reliable because the data has a very weak correlation and the residual plot has a lot of outliers. Serving Size v. Sugar Content Scatter PlotResidual Plot

21. Calories vs. Fat grams x= Calories y= Fat grams r=0.618 Coefficient of Determination:0.3891 -This means that 38.91% can be predicted by the LSRL Equations for LSRL: y= 3.659x +114.414 -The line does make sense for this data but the relationship is not very linear but the correlation is moderately strong -The Residual plot is a good fit for all the points but it does have some pattern to its form. Scatter PlotResidual Plot

22. Calories vs. Sodium x= Sodium (grams) y= Calories r= -0.131 Coefficient of determination: 0.017 -1.7% of the data can be predicted by the LSRL Equation for LSRL: y= -0.053x +128.937 -The LSRL does not make sense for this data set because the relationship is nonlinear and a very weak correlation. -The Residual plot is not good because it is too high for most of the points on the graph. Scatter PlotResidual Plot

23. Calories vs. Sugar content x= sugar content (grams) y=calories r=0.308 Coefficient of determination:0.0949 9.49% of the data can be predicted by the LSRL Equation for LSRL: y=1.712x+104.926 -The LSRL does not make sense because of the nonlinear relationship and the weak correlation -The residual plot looks like a good fit for all the points but there are outliers Scatter Plot Residual Plot

24. Calories vs. Fiber x= Fiber (grams) y=Calories r= 0.659 Coefficient of determination:0.434 43.4% of the data can be predicted by the LSRL Equation for LSRL: y= 9.156x+ 102.72 -The LSRL does make sense for this data. The relationship is nonlinear but the correlation is moderately strong. -Residual plot is good but it does have a few outliers. Scatter PlotResidual Plot

25. ● Fat Grams VS Sodium jhjh r=-0.087 y=-5.05x+167.492 The line of regression doesn’t make sense for this plot because it has a correlation of - 0.087 and the graph isn’t linear. X Axis: Fat grams Y Axis: Sodium Coefficient of determination: 0.00757 0.757% of the data can be predicted by this graph The residual plot seems to be a good fit but there are a few outliers. Scatter PlotResidual Plot

26. Fat Grams VS Sugar Content r=0.163 y=0.851x+7.839 The line of regression doesn’t make sense for this plot because it has a correlation of 0.163 and the graph isn’t linear. X axis=Fat Grams Y axis= Sugar Content Coefficient of determination: 0.0266 2.66% of the data can be predicted by the LSRL The residual plot shows no patterns or outliers. Residual Plot Scatter Plot

27. Sodium VS Sugar Content r=-0.288 y=-0.021x+12.208 The line of regression doesn’t make sense for this plot because it has a correlation of -0.288 and the graph isn’t linear. X axis=Sodium Y axis= sugar content Coefficient of determination: 0.0829 8.29% of the data can be predicted by the LSRL The residual plot shows a slight pattern in the area above the line Scatter PlotResidual Plot

28. www.shodor.com www.ranker.com caloriecount.about.com http://www.eatingwell.com/nutrition_health Sources