1. salt soluble? yes, then choose an acid and a base base soluble? yestitrationno excess base no precipitation choose two soluble salts

2. salt solubility rules soluble insoluble all nitrates all chlorides except…. all sulphates except….. sodium and potassium carbonates all sodium, potassium and ammonium salts ….silver chloride, lead chloride ….barium sulphate, lead sulphate, calcium sulphate ….all other carbonates

3. titration add acid via burette to alkali`+ indicator until neutral (or until temperature stops rising) measure volume of acid added; throw away solution as it contains the indicator; add same volume of acid to same amount of alkali without indicator obtain dry salt from solution (see later slide) titration animation

4. excess base warm acid add excess base to acid until no more dissolves (warm acid if necessary) filter off excess base obtain salt from (see next slide) excess base animation

5. obtaining dry salt from solution Concentrate solution until it becomes saturated which is done by driving off most of the water by heating it. Solution is saturated when crystals form on a glass rod dipped in the solution. Stop heating and allow solution to cool and salt crystals to form. Filter the crystals to remove water Wash crystals with a little water Dry crystals with filter paper or place on warm gauze.

6. precipitation make 2 solutions each one containing 1 ion of the salt to be made (use soluble salts!!!) add the two solutions filter off the precipitate which is the insoluble salt wash the residue in the filter paper with distilled water dry with other filter paper or place on warm gauze

7. precipitation salts experiment copper sulfate (aq) lead nitrate (aq) potassium iodide (aq) silver nitrate (aq) sodium carbonate (aq) copper sulfate (aq) white pptebrown pptelight blue ppte blue ppte lead nitrate (aq) yellow ppte-white ppte potassium iodide (aq) yellow ppte- silver nitrate (aq) yellow ppte sodium carbonate (aq) Name the precipitates and write word and balanced equations

8. exercise For each of the salts below: o Decide on the method you will use o Select appropriate reagents Salts: 1.potassium chloride 2.copper nitrate 3.lead sulphate 4.magnesium chloride 5.ammonium nitrate 6.calcium sulphate