1. Symulacja kotła K-4 w ERSA Zmodernizowany układ paleniskowy przez konsorcjum Energotechnika-Energorozruch S.A.- IPW Polin Sp. z o.o zespołów młynowych w ruchu - praca na węglu i biomasie - biomasa (śruta rzepakowa) podawana przez 4 środkowe dysze zrzutowe – uwaga: śruta podawana w stanie niezmielonym, prędkość wtrysku nieoptymalizowana - moc bloku 225MWe
Modelowanie wykonane przez:
Dipl.-Ing. Frank Blum, Dr.-Ing. Xiaohai Han,
Dr.-Ing. Benedetto Risio
RECOM Services GmbH, Stuttgart

2. 5 Mills in Operation 3D-Geometry Model — Burner and OFA Arrangement
OFA-III on Rear Wall
- fully opened
(tilted down 20°)
Front View
5 Mills in Operation
OFA-II - fully opened
(tilted down 15°)
10 Nozzles of Thinned Air-Coal Mix in Operation
Thinned Air-Coal Mix (tilted down 15°)
4 Biomass nozzles in Operation 10 % thermal capacity as biomass
Biomass/Oil Nozzle
(tilted down 15°)
OFA-I
(no tilting – fully opened)
10 Burners in Operation
Burner Level 2
Burner Level 1

3. Coal and Air Mass Flows Brn Level 1 (12.6 m) Brn Level 2 (15.1 m)
Thinned Mix (20.85 m)
Biomass Level
Total
Coal mass flow [kg/s]
6.8
10.2
7.3
3.37 (biomass)
27.67
Core air [kg/s]
1.30 --
2.6
Primary air [kg/s]
13.2
19.7
30.8 (2x15.4)
3.3
(carrying air)
67.0
Secondary air [kg/s]
9.8
15.2
5.7 (cooling air)
30.7
Tertiary air [kg/s]
22.8
24.9
47.7
Level Air/Coal Ratio 
0.91
0.78
0.53
0.735
OFA-I [kg/s]
13.5 ( = 0.065)
13.5
OFA-II [kg/s]
45.1 ( = 0.22)
45.1
OFA-III [kg/s]
26.9 ( = 0.13)
26.9
Total Air Ratio
1.15

4. Coal Analysis and Particle Size Distribution
Main Burner (12.6m & 15.1 m)
Coal Analysis
C (ar) [%]
56.40
H (ar) [%]
3.57
O (ar) [%]
3.92
N (ar) [%]
0.98
S (ar) [%]
0.63
Ash (ar) [%]
27.10
Moisture (ar) [%]
7.40
Volatile (daf) [%]
27.5
Hu (daf) [MJ/kg]
33.5
R88 = 30 %
R200 = 5 %

5. Thinned Air-Coal Mix (20.85 m)
Coal Analysis and Particle Size Distribution
Thinned Air-Coal Mix (20.85 m)
Coal Analysis
C (ar) [%]
56.40
H (ar) [%]
3.57
O (ar) [%]
3.92
N (ar) [%]
0.98
S (ar) [%]
0.63
Ash (ar) [%]
27.10
Moisture (ar) [%]
7.40
Volatile (daf) [%]
27.5
Hu (daf) [MJ/kg]
33.5
R88 = 15 %
R200 = 1 %

6. Elementary Analysis and Particle Size Distribution of Biomass
Sieve [mm]
Fraction [%]
Sieve residue [%]
> 4.00
12.1
4.00 – 3.15
2.6
14.7
3.15 – 1.25
20.0
34.7
1.25 – 0.425
41.2
75.9
0.425 – 0.125
22.5
98.4
0.125 – 0.071
1.6
100.0
Coal Analysis
C (ar) [%]
43.60
H (ar) [%]
6.34
O (ar) [%]
31.19
N (ar) [%]
5.73
S (ar) [%]
0.68
Ash (ar) [%]
7.21
Moisture (ar) [%]
5.25
Volatile (daf) [%]
80.0
Hu (daf) [MJ/kg]
20.13

7. Velocity Distribution: Magnitude
[m/s] FW RW FW RW

8. Temperature Distribution: Iso-surface 1400 °C

9. Fluegas Temperature Profile along Furnace Height
OFA OFA3
BL1 BL BL4 OFA FE
Cross Pass
Sec. Pass
35/

10. Oxygen Distribution: Iso-surface 10%
[vol.-%, dry]

11. Carbon Monoxide Distribution: Iso-surface 1%CO
[vol.-%, dry]

12. CO-Profile along Furnace Height
OFA OFA3
BL1 BL BL4 OFA FE
Cross Pass
Sec. Pass
35/

13. NOx-Profile along Furnace Height
OFA OFA3
BL1 BL BL4 OFA FE
Cross Pass
Sec. Pass
35/

14. Simulation for Biomass Cofiring
Boiler Exit and Emission Values
Simulation for Biomass Cofiring
Furnace Exit Temp. (mean/max) [°C]
(Level 34.7 m)
1223/1350
Fluegas Temp. after ECO [°C]
342
O2 after ECO [Vol.-%,dry]
3.3
CO [mg/Nm3, at 6% O2 ] 60
NOx [mg/Nm3, at 6% O2]
328
Unburned Carbon in Ash
8.0