1. AGEH 28, Fall 2013 Shasta College campus

2. Liquidambar styraciflua, sweetgum, liquidambar Monoecious—male & female flowers in separate heads; flowers small, greenish, without petals. fruit like a little spiked weapon (mace);

3. Liquidambar styraciflua, sweetgum, liquidambar Value: Easy, fast, fall color; resists oak root fungus Problems: must train to have strong central leader; roots heave sidewalks, fruits puncture bike tires (and feet) Many volunteer seedlings An iron Head of a Mace. India, circa 18th century

4. Liquidambar styraciflua, sweetgum, liquidambar Native to Eastern US ID: tree, 60 x 25 ft; leaf star-shaped, 5-7 pointed lobes; corky wings on twigs

5. Pyrus calleryana ‘Bradford’ Bradford pear Rose family, Rosaceae

6. Pyrus calleryana ‘Bradford’ Bradford pear Species native to China; cultivar developed in Maryland USA 50 x 30 ft, with strongly vertical limbs but no central leader; crotches weak Good fall color, first flowering tree to bloom, takes heat, grows well even in heavy clay Flowers smell bad Invasive in North Carolina and other moist states

7. Platanus x hispanica London plane tree Hybrid between the American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) and Platanus orientalis of Eurasia First recorded in Spain in the 17th century, where the Oriental & American Planes had been planted near one another. Leaf and flower characteristics are intermediate between the two parent species, the leaf being more deeply lobed than P. occidentalis but less so than P. orientalis, and the seed balls typically two per stem (one in P. occidentalis, 3-6 in P. orientalis). The hybrid is fertile. Also known as P. X acerifolia

8. Platanus x hispanica, London plane sycamore family--Platanaceae ID: 80 x 40 ft; lvs maplelike, but alternate Monoecious—male & female flowers in separate heads; flowers small, greenish, without petals. fruit like a little spiked weapon (mace);

9. Platanus x hispanica London plane tree, sycamore family ID: broad canopy, palmately lobed alternate leaves, flowers/fruits in spherical heads; peeling mottled bark, swollen petiole bases.

10. Value: Fast growing, shade tree with wide spreading branches, fall color; beautiful bark Problems: roots heave sidewalks & may invade septic systems; may have large surface roots. The large leaves can create a disposal problem in cities. These leaves are tough and sometimes can take more than one year to break down. Pollen and leaf/fruit hairs highly allergenic to some! Platanus x hispanica London plane tree

11. Catalpa speciosa, northern catalpa bignonia family--Bignoniaceae

12. Native to central US Value: adapted to heat, cold, and western soils; flowers are showy; tree has lush tropical look Care: shape tree when young: shorten side branches and limb up when tall enough; moderate water Problems: protect from strong wind (leaf damage); messy Catalpa speciosa, northern catalpa bignonia family--Bignoniaceae

13. ID: large tree; flowers like open snapdragons, in clusters; leaf very large, heart-shaped, sometimes slightly lobed. Fruits very long, hanging, beanlike Leaves opposite or whorled ‘speciosa’ means ‘showy’ Catalpa speciosa, northern catalpa bignonia family--Bignoniaceae

14. Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’ Raywood ash, claret ash olive family--Oleaceae

15. Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’ Raywood ash, claret ash Cultivar of a species native to the Mediterranean Tree compact, 25-35 x 25 ft, fast-growing, small-leaved, lacy look Value: fast growing, purple-red fall color; needs moderate water Problems: Subject to branch dieback in CA, especially when drought-stressed

16. Ash dieback Fungus dieback disease caused by Botryosphaeria stevensii (aka Diplodia mutila) Leaves wilt, change color, die, limbs become bare Can kill the whole plant No control; provide adequate water for the trees

17. Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’ Raywood ash, claret ash ID— dioecious; opposite, pinnately compound leaves; fruit a winged samara (rarely found on this cultivar.) ‘chocolate drop’ axillary buds, as in Oregon ash angustifolia means ‘narrow-leaved’

18. Morus alba, white mulberry mulberry family--Moraceae

19. Morus alba, white mulberry 30-50 ft high and wide Value: broad-canopied shade tree, tolerates desert heat, alkaline soil, seacoasts; often pollarded Problems: sooty canker disease; heavy surface roots; needs moderate water to look its best. Fruits are messy and staining; pollen causes hay fever escapes into moist places, so plant “fruitless” males

20. Morus alba, white mulberry Native to China--food of the silkworm, source of the ancient Silk Road

21. Morus alba, white mulberry Silk fiber being made

22. Morus alba, white mulberry ID: leaves simple and alternate, variable shape--lobed on young trees, and less lobed or not lobed on older trees most references call this a dioecious species—however, California Rare Fruit Growers say this: Mulberry trees are either dioecious or monoecious, and sometimes will change from one sex to another. The flowers are held on short, green, pendulous, nondescript catkins. They are wind pollinated. In California mulberries set fruit without pollination. Flowers inconspicuous, females make lots of bland purple fruit that stains; males make lots of allergenic pollen ‘alba’ means ‘white’

23. Prunus cerasifera ‘Thundercloud’, purpleleaf plum rose family--Rosaceae

24. Prunus cerasifera ‘Thundercloud’, purpleleaf plum Cultivar of flowering plum, native to Asia Grows to 20 ft high and wide Good purple leaf color Does not like waterlogged soils (can fall over in a wet year) May produce a crop of small fruit Sometimes called cherry plum— ’cerasifera’ means ‘cherry-bearing’

25. Prunus cerasifera ‘Thundercloud’, purpleleaf plum May produce a crop of small fruit Sometimes called cherry plum— ’cerasifera’ means ‘cherry-bearing’ ID: Small tree with alternate, simple, finely serrate, purple leaves; many five-petaled pink/purple flowers in spring

26. Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo or maidenhair tree gingko family--Gingkoaceae

27. Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo, Origin: China; family Ginkgoaceae; “living fossil” (remnant of plants living 270 million years ago; this is a GYMNOSPERM, related to conifers!) Native in the wild? No wild sites are known. The living ginkgos in China may have been tended by monks at sacred sites for the last 1000 years; rediscovered by Europeans in 1690 in Japanese temple gardens.

28. Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo, maidenhair tree, “silver apricot” Value: growth slow; gold fall color, lovely foliage; wood strong, doesn’t heave, resists oak root fungus, tolerates air pollution; long lived Plant male cultivars (fleshy female seeds smell very bad); water young trees until established Use: Street tree, lawn tree; Forms: Some spread, some erect; gawky when young,

29. Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo ID: leaf fan-shaped, often lobed; dioecious (sexes on separate trees) Not a flowering plant but a gymnosperm ‘Gingko’ Chinese for ‘silver apricot’ ‘biloba’ means ‘2- lobed (the leaves)

30. Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo, maidenhair tree Pharmaceutical use: Maybe memory enhancer; maybe energy enhancer, does increase capillary flow

31. Magnolia family (Magnoliaceae) Ancient flowering plant group; some of the earliest fossil flowers found look like magnolias

32. Quercus douglasii, blue oak

33. Leaves deciduous, bluish, subtle fall color; lobes shallow Acorn fattish, cup shallow Drought tolerant, shade intolerant Watering will shorten their lives (oak root fungus, other diseases) Firewood and fence posts

34. Betula pendula, white birch birch family--Betulaceae

35. Betula pendula, white birch, Native to Europe & western Asia Value: fall color, white trunk, delicate weeping foliage Needs: sun, water, fertilizer, too greedy for lawns Problems: Prune in summer/fall to minimize sap bleed Susceptible to attack from bronze birch borer--other birches better resist this insect

36. Betula pendula, white birch ID: Tree 30-40 ft, branches pendulous (weeping) Trunks white with black furrows Leaves diamond- shaped, doubly serrate (the teeth have teeth), tapered to a point ‘pendula’ means ‘hanging’

37. Betula pendula, white birch Monoecious; female and male flowers in separate catkins catkin n. A usually dense, cylindrical, often drooping cluster of unisexual apetalous flowers Ripened female catkins

38. Birch family (Betulaceae) birches, alders, and hazelnuts Trees and shrubs male catkins long and narrow, female catkins thicker and conelike Leaves simple, alternate, pinnately veined, sharp-toothed

39. Cercis canadensis, eastern redbud pea family--Fabaceae

40. Native to Eastern US forests; 25 ft x 25 ft Grow: in sun or part shade; needs water; good for watered gardens Valued for the 4 Fs: flowers, fruit, foliage, fall color; effective as understory tree, against dark conifers; better bloom with winter chill Prune in dormant season, or right after bloom

41. Cercis canadensis, eastern redbud pea family--Fabaceae ID: small tree or multi-stemmed shrub heart-shaped leaf with pointed tip; pink pea flowers emerge before leaves Flat pea pod fruits

42. Cercis occidentalis, western redbud pea family--Fabaceae

43. Cercis occidentalis, western redbud Native to California foothills below 4000 ft. Multistemmed shrub to 18 ft. Leaf blue-green, kidney-shaped Value: the 4 Fs; fall color yellow to red (peachy) Very drought tolerant; best in the rarely watered garden (needs water the first summer or two); stunning along freeway Resistant to oak root fungus

44. Triadica sebifera (=Sapium sebiferum) Chinese tallow tree spurge family--Euphorbiaceae

45. Triadica sebifera, Chinese tallow tree Native to Asia; Value: good fall color (select in fall); graceful fluttering foliage; resists oak root fungus Care: moderate water Problems: Milky sap poisonous if ingested!! self-seeding pest of wetlands in Sacramento Co., Shasta College campus, and in eastern US

46. Triadica sebifera, Chinese tallow tree ID: 30-40 x 25-30 ft; crown dense and round; leaves simple, alternate, diamond-shaped, entire Monoecious; male and female flowers in the same spike—females at base of spike, males above Fruit a fleshy capsule with 3 large white seeds ‘sebifera’ means ‘tallow bearing’

47. Acer buergerianum, trident maple

48. Native to China, Japan; maple family ID: 20-25 ft high and wide (upright); lvs 3’’ wide, 3-lobed, glossy green, pale below, opposite Value: fall color ( buy in fall leaf), flaking bark; good for patio and bonsai Care: moderate water; prune in summer to minimize sap bleed

49. Acer buergerianum, trident maple

50. Forms: Sango kaku, coralbark Red Dragon: holds red color thru summer Acer palmatum, Japanese maple

51. Deciduous arborescent shrub from Asia (Japan and Korea) ID: many-stemmed; leaf star-shaped, valleys deeper than sweetgum, 5-9 lobes, toothed; propeller fruits (double samara) Value: 4 Fs; young lvs red, winter branches green or red; good in shade, resists oak root fungus; good in containers (wider than tall) Care: water moderate, wind and sun tolerant, but in CA need protection from wind, heat, drought, so… grow in filtered shade, use on N walls; fancy grafted varieties touchier (finer leaf burns more)

52. Acer palmatum, Japanese maple “Common seedlings have uncommon grace.”

53. Maple family (Aceraceae) Trees or large shrubs; fruit a double samara, wind-dispersed; lvs deciduous, opposite, usu. lobed

54. Cornus florida, Eastern dogwood

55. Native to Eastern US; dogwood family (Cornaceae) ID: 20-30 ft, flr clusters with 4 showy bracts; native form has white bracts, many cultivars pink Value: flrs, fruit, fall color (not fragrant) Care: needs part shade, summer water Problems: anthracnose disease

56. Cornus nuttallii, western dogwood Pacific Northwest; dogwood family (Cornaceae) ID: 20-30 ft, flr clusters with 4 showy bracts; native form has white bracts, many cultivars Value: flrs, fruit, fall color Care: needs part shade, summer water Problems: anthracnose disease

57. Cornus nuttallii, western dogwood Pacific Northwest; dogwood family (Cornaceae) ID: 50 x 20 ft, flr clusters with 4 showy bracts; native form has white bracts, gray branches in pleasing horizontal pattern Value: Not suitable for CA valley gardens Problems: anthracnose disease; there are now resistant hybrids with C. kousa (‘Starlight’)

58. dogwood anthracnose anthracnose disease, caused by microscopic fungus Discula destructiva Lesions: tan spots with purple margins; defoliate large parts of tree of Eastern and Western dogwood

59. Dogwood anthracnose and resistant dogwoods Hybrid forms bloom later than Eastern dogwood because of Cornus kousa blood (C. kousa blooms in June) Some dogwood forms bred to be disease resist: Stellar dogwood (C. florida x C. kousa, also called C. x rutgersensis) http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/quickref/tree s/dogwood-stellar.html

60. Dogwood family (Cornaceae) Trees and shrubs. Leaves simple, opposite, entire-margined, with pinnate veins containing persistent fibers (veins often arced). Flowers small, clustered, consisting of 4 petals and 4 stamens. The showy part is the 4-8 large bracts that surround the flower cluster. Fruit small, fleshy.

61. Chilopsis linearis, desert willow (CALIF NATIVE)

62. Chilopsis linearis, desert willow Native to Calif and SW deserts; Catalpa family (Bignoniaceae) ID:15-30 x 10-20 ft; willow-like leaves, catalpa-like flowers in spring Value: flowers, hummingbirds love it, blooms first year; tolerates little or no water (Parent of x Chitalpa taskentensis)

63. Chilopsis linearis, desert willow

64. Pistacia chinensis, Chinese pistache, cashew family, Anacardiaceae

65. Pistacia chinensis, Chinese pistache, (Anacardiaceae) Fruits not edible!! Leaves are even-pinnate Brilliant fall color, even in mild climates Resistant to oak root fungus Good street tree, shade tree Abundant volunteer seedlings : (

66. Gleditsia triacanthos ‘Sunburst’, sunburst honey locust

67. Gleditsia triacanthos, sunburst honey locust Needs moderate water ID: leaves 2x pinnate, yellow in spring Problems: roots heave pavement Pests: honey locust borer; mimosa webworm Hort forms are thornless (species is thorny); ‘Sunburst’ has yellow new growth (turns green in summer); defoliates in drought

68. Robinia pseudoacacia, black locust Native to E. US 75 x 60 ft, with sparse open branches, furrowed brown/black bark, thorny branches ID: leaves 1x-pinnate, leaflets 7-19; flrs white, fragrant, in hanging cluster 4-8 in. Use: Not a good street tree; don’t use because invasive…

69. Robinia pseudoacacia, black locust Wood rot-resistant, firewood and fenceposts (Lincoln??); acacia honey Pioneers brought it to Gold Country; it has gone wild (Old Shasta: keep or kill?) Can colonize the poorest soils, because root nodules fix nitrogen (makes its own fert); visible in spring all along Sac. R.

70. Robinia ‘Idahoensis’ or ‘Purple Robe’ 40 x 30 ft. These are forms of hybrid black locusts, known as Robinia x ambigua

71. Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Frisia’, Frisia black locust Found in a Dutch nursery in 1935 and named after the province of Friesland Leaves 1x-pinnate; supposed to remain yellow all summer (but may green up in our summer heat)

72. Quercus rubra, Northern Red Oak

73. Quercus rubra, northern red oak Native to NE North America ID: Tree to 75 x 50 ft., leaf 5-8 in., 3-7 prs of sharply pointed lobes (hills), valleys (sinuses) less than halfway to midvein, hairs in angles along midvein; acorns covered 1/3 in shallow cup Needs: regular water Value: shade, fast growth, fall color; roots deep so you can garden under the tree; important timber tree in NE Problems: a host plant of sudden oak death (terrible disease of coastal CA); invasive in Europe (wet climates)

74. Pin Oak, Quercus palustris Hairy tufts in veins on underside of leaf

75. Pin Oak, Quercus palustris Known from Southeastern Canada and Eastern United States Found in swampy woods

76. Quercus douglasii Blue Oak Leaves deciduous, bluish, subtle fall color; lobes shallow Acorn fattish, cup shallow Drought tolerant, shade intolerant Watering will shorten their lives (oak root fungus, other diseases) Firewood and fence posts

77. Quercus lobata, Valley Oak Largest Oaks in California Known from Shasta County to Los Angeles County Central Valley, Coast Range and Sierra Nevada foothills

78. Quercus lobata, Valley Oak Deeply lobed leaves Need deep fertile soil with a high water table Acorns from valley oak, a daily food source for most tribes of Native Californians

79. Zelkova serrata, Japanese zelkova

81. Native to E. Asia ID: tree to 60 x 60 ft.; leaf narrowly oval, serrated; bark smooth and gray Value: nice tree, fall color, resists Dutch elm disease, so a good elm substitute; can become a bonsai Needs: some water; full sun to part shade

82. Dutch Elm Disease

83. Fungal disease from Asia, Ophiostoma (Ceratocystis) species; introduced into America and Europe; identified in Holland in 1920s Attacks elms Devastated North American urban elms; some wild elms still OK Spread by bark beetles, through tree roots, imported on timber Resistant: Princeton elm, Liberty elm Or… use Zelkova