1. FULLDOME STANDARDS SUMMIT IPS 2004 Standardize Show Creations

2. SUMMARY 1Video: Projection System Specifications 2Images: Rendering, Resolution, Splitting 3Sound: Reproduction systems, exchange format

3. 1 Video: Projection System Specifications Video standards Projection System Resolution Projection System Frequency

4. Video Standards PAL/SECAM720*57625fps NTSC720*480 30fps HDTV->16/9 Format not adapted to 4/3 models used

5. Projection System Resolution Graphical Channel: –Projector DLP1280 * 1024 (SXGA) CRT3200 * 2560 –Computer Graphical Card2048 * 1536 –MicroProcessor Video1600 * 1200(UXGA) Real Time1600 * 1200(UXGA)

6. Computer Frequency (cinema 24fps) –25fps (Historically ->PAL) –30fps (Historically ->NTSC) Projection Frequency –75Hz adapted to 25fps (cycle 3) 30fps acceptable to broadcast (cycle 3-2) –60Hz adapted to 30fps (cycle 2) 25fps difficult to broadcast (cycle 3-2-3-2-2) Projection System Frequency

7. Resolution, Frequency and Rendering Time Rendering Time according to the resolution Average on a P4 2.4GHz mono-processor Rendering at 25fps instead of 30fps allows a 20% reduction of rendering time and image storage

8. 2 Images: Rendering, Resolution, Splitting Fish-Eye Image Generation Fish-Eye Resolution Approach Fish-Eye Image Splitting

9. Fish-Eye Image Generation Direct Fish-Eye Rendering Hemi-cubic Rendering Camera Rendering

10. Fish-Eye Resolution Approach Effective Pixels of the Projection System –Number of Channels * Video Resolution - 20% of soft-edge Effective Pixels of the Fish-Eye image (square image) –Area in pixels of the circle in « Image Height » diameter 10% Increase

11. Fish-Eye Image Splitting To obtain a Fish-Eye image with one file per channel Special Software creation Necessity to standardize the different projection configurations –Number of projectors –Hemispherical Screen Covering (165°, 170°, 180°) –Camera Parameters

12. 3 Sound: Reproduction System, Exchange Format Sound Reproduction Systems File Format and Exchange

13. Reproduction Systems 5 + 1 7 + 1 Others… -> Loudspeaker standardization for a sound with the same quality anywhere in the dome

14. Files Format and Dispatching PCM 48KHz (mono file: around 125Mb for 25 minutes) Supplying of (= around 3.75 Gb): –7+1 with voice OV: 8 mono files –5+1 with voice OV: 6 mono files –7+1 without voice: 8 mono files –5+1 without voice: 6 mono files –OV Voice: 1 stereo file

15. Conclusion To Define a Standard: To take into account the world market specifications The market must not adapt itself to the standard, but the standard must adapt itself to the market It must be always possible to adapt a standardized show to a non standard planetarium