1. Trans-Atlantic Workshop on Rare Earth Elements and Other Critical Materials for a Clean Energy Future Carbon fibers as raw material for light weight systems in wind energy and automotive applications … Availability and challenges for the future Dr. Michael Heine MIT Cambridge/Massachusetts, Dec. 3, 2010

2. Trans-Atlantic Workshop MIT Cambrige Page 2 / Heine Agenda Fundamental global challenges Competitive advantages of carbon fibers Carbon fibers applications –Wind energy –Automotive Carbon fiber market demand Consequences Future prospects

3. Trans-Atlantic Workshop MIT Cambrige Page 3 / Heine Fundamental global challenges foster the future economy General approach “Towards an ecologically sensitive world” Key challenges Changed economic environment Energy / raw materials availability Climate change Sustainable solutions Energy efficiency Light weight Alternative energies Carbon fibers contributes to all three sustainable solutions

4. Trans-Atlantic Workshop MIT Cambrige Page 4 / Heine The competitive advantages of carbon fibers Sustainable solutions Energy efficiency Light weight Alternative energies 7,9 2,7 1,6 SteelAluminiumCFRP No other material is lighter Density (kg/l) … or stronger and stiffer

5. Trans-Atlantic Workshop MIT Cambrige Page 5 / Heine General technology trends: Fuel efficient cars Alternate fuels (CNG, LPG, E-10) Hybrid propulsion Plug in electrical vehicles Carbon fibers for wind energy and automotive General technology trends: On shore to off shore Increase of rotor-blade size Rotor-blades with higher strength to weight ratios Integrated systems such as wind-diesel, wind- SPV, wind-battery etc. Sustainable solutions Energy efficiency Light weight Alternative energies Audi R8 Wind energy Automotive

6. Trans-Atlantic Workshop MIT Cambrige Page 6 / Heine Wind energy: Carbon fibers for „Large Rotor-Blade Sizes“ approx. 0.7 mt CFRP / rotor blade approx. 2.1 mt CFRP / wind mill Nominal power Rotor diameter Axial height Annual energy harvest main spar flange main spar websandwich shell CFRP

7. Trans-Atlantic Workshop MIT Cambrige Page 7 / Heine Automotive: Carbon fibers for „Light Weight Car Design“ „Compensation of electrical system mass by reduction of structural mass “ Electrified engine, transmission and storage system leads to an higher total mass benzine /diesel 170 g/km electricity conventional 90 g/km electricity wind energy 3 g/km World Wind Energy Report 2009

8. Trans-Atlantic Workshop MIT Cambrige 8 Sport Industry Aerospace 33 38 45 55 66 77 143 38 87 CF market demand [kt] Main drivers: Energy efficiency, renewable energy and light-weight systems ca. 30 % wind ca. 15 % automotive

9. Trans-Atlantic Workshop MIT Cambrige 9 Investment in new carbon fibre capacities to follow the demand 192019801940200020202040190018801960 60.000 t/a 20.000 t/a 100.000 t/a 140.000 t/a PAN Edison carbon filament bulb 900 m€ 300 m€ 1500 m€ 2020 2010 1000 to/a = 15 m€ automotive wind other industrial applic. aerospace sports 80 years

10. Trans-Atlantic Workshop MIT Cambrige Page 10 / Heine Investment in R&D of process technology, recycling and modelling PAN precursor Carbon fiber CF Fabrics Preform s prepreg s CF reinforc ed plastics CF reinforc ed carbon CF reinforc edSiC Process chain carbon composites Engineering components Polymer chemistry High temp. technology Textile technology Development of enhanced process technology Recycling / Re-Use of CF xxxx Simulation / Modelling = additional CF capacities

11. Trans-Atlantic Workshop MIT Cambrige Page 11 / Heine Future prospects: Green energy for carbon fibre manufacturing Process chain carbon composites Stabilisation & carbonisation of PAN http://www.energie-visions.de/wasserkraft.html JV SGL-BMW Moses Lake, WA

12. Trans-Atlantic Workshop MIT Cambrige Page 12 / Heine Future prospects: Renewable raw material for carbon fibre production p.e. Cellulosep.e. Lignin Crude oil based

13. Trans-Atlantic Workshop MIT Cambrige Page 13 / Heine