1. Winter Feeding a Cow for $200 UW Extension State-wide Beef Cow-calf Days Medford By: Keith Vander Velde UW Extension Seven County Agriculture Specialization Livestock Specialist

2. Winter Feeding for $200 Cow-calf Profitability is influenced by 4 factors 1. Yearly cost of keeping a cow (Feed & Operation) 2. Number of cows exposed at breeding that calf 3. Weaning or yearling weight of calves 4. Price received for calves and market ready cows

3. Winter Feeding for $200 Feed costs are the biggest expense to cow-calf producer

4. Winter Feeding for $200 Feed costs are the biggest expense a cow-calf producer has to wean a calf In most studies of cow-calf operations feed cost range from 55% to 80% of total costs

5. Winter Feeding for $200 Feed costs are the biggest expense a cow-calf producer has to wean a calf In most studies of cow-calf operations feed cost range from 55% to 80% of total costs Of total feed cost the biggest variation between operations was in winter feed charges-varies a $1 per day between high and low cost producers

6. Wintering a cow for $200 Our “CHALLENGE” is to reduce feed charges without affecting cow body condition and future reproductive performance

7. Winter Feeding for $200 In Wisconsin the period of time we often winter feed is December –April or 150 days.

8. Winter Feeding for $200 In Wisconsin the period of time we often winter feed is December –April or 150 days. During this period we have frozen ground and often have snow cover but if the feed is there cows will find it

9. Winter Feeding for $200 Ask Yourself these questions: Do I have adequate feed in storage for winter feeding? Have I pre-purchased feed when prices were low? Have I looked at energy and protein costs of various feeds and compared them for value? Have I stockpile forage for winter Grazing?

10. Winter Feeding for $200 Cost Per Cow-Calf Unit Feed: Cost % of Total Fixed Overhead: Cost % Total Pasture $75 15% Mach/Bldg/Fence $16 3% Winter Feed $200 41% Livestock $39 8% Feed Total $275 56% Overhead Total $55 11% Operating Expense: Labor $80 17% Vet/supplies $45 9% Interest $16 3% Bull or AI $20 4% Total Operating $436 31% Total cost/Cow $491 ____________

11. Winter Feeding For $200 Keep Cost for Winter Feeding at $200 Make or Purchase hay for $80 per ton Feed for 120 days Store hay to reduce waste Feed in ring feeders (lowest priced, less waste Achieve to feed 30 lbs per day

12. Economic Considerations

13. Winter Feeding for $200 Fall & Winter Grazing to Reduce Feed Cost: 1. Corn Stalk Grazing a. Average 5000 lbs. of residue in irrigated corn fields b. Average 2500 lbs. of residue in dryland corn fields c. Primary difference is leaf loss

14. Winter Feeding For $200 Graze stockpiled Forage until Jan 1st: Alfalfa fields Rested cool season grass pasture Warm season grasses Wheat, rye, or barley planted in August Consider Standability of Forage

15. Wintering Cows for $200 Standability for various forages Tall Fescue-good Big Bluestem-good Timothy-good Little Bluestem-poor Orchard Indian Grass-good Brome grass-poor Switchgrass-good but cows do not like it Alfalfa-fair Red clover-good

16. Wintering Cows for $200 What about direct feeding Must meet the cows energy and protein requirements Can be done with hay, silage and various grains including byproducts Need to make sure you have adequate bunk or feeder space

17. Winter Feeding for $200 Consider Byproduct Feedstuffs Dried Distillers Grain Brewers Grains Wheat Midds Grain Screenings Cannery Waste(Sweetcorn,carrots) Potatoes

18. Wintering Cows for $200 Take advantage of low commodity prices Corn at $3.75/bushel is 7 cents per lb Oats at $2.50/bushel is 8 cents per lb Round bales at $30 each(assume 3/ton equals $90 per ton) are 5 cents per lb Distillers Grain at $150 per ton is 7.5 cents per lb

19. Wintering a Cow for $200 Maintenance needs of 1100 lb cow last 1/3 of pregnancy 10.3 Mcals of energy 1.6 lbs of crude protein

20. Wintering a Cow for $200 Maintenance needs of 1100 lb cow last 1/3 of pregnancy 10.3 Mcals of energy 1.6 lbs of crude protein Maintenance needs of 1100 lb cow first 4 months after calving 15 Mcals of energy 2.6 lbs of crude protein

21. Wintering a cow for $100 Feed Values of Common Feeds Alfalfa % DMMcal/#m% Protein 90.5416 Brome89.5411 Orchard88.5811 Straw91.34 4 Oats 89.812 Corn881.02 9

22. Limit-feeding HAYLFCDDGS Total intake, lbs/d3020.517.5 Hay, lbs/d3055 Corn, lbs/d--13-- DDGS, lbs/d-- 10 Supplement, lbs/d--2.5 Feed costs, $/d a 1.501.631.15 a Calculated with the following prices: corn=$3.80/bu; hay=$100/ton; DDGS=$130/ton; LFC supplement=$400/ton; DDGS supplement=$200/ton. Ohio State University, Radunz et al., 2008

23. Wintering Cows for $200 Remember: With extreme cold weather energy needs go up and it is important to increase the roughage portion of the ration Thin cows needing improvement in body condition need additional energy for gaining weight

24. Wintering cows for $200 The key to profit is: keeping winter and grazing period cost low having a 90% pregnancy rate wean calves at 550 lbs or more take advantage of market premiums precondition calves effectively market calves and cows-avoid the market low periods in the fall

25. Thanks for Attending from UW Livestock Team