1. LSC Workshop Biogas / Bioslurry GS Project Bioslurry – supreme fertilizer and carbon sequestration agent Nairobi 29th of May 2015

2. 2015 – UN Year of Soil

3. Soil Crisis It takes 2000 years to form 10 cm of fertile top soils – And only a few years to deplete it – Erosion of up to 70 tons / hectare / year due to unsustainable farming practices (monocultures, farming on slopes, over dependence on mineral fertilizers) – 13 millions ha of forest are cut down every year – After the harvest fields are left bare and exposed to the elements – 21 billion tons of soil were lost in 2011 alone

4. Global Carbon Cycle

5. Benefits of Bio slurry Use

6. Benefits of bio-slurry use “A large part of both the scientific and grey literature focuses on the production of energy alone, but does not venture into the multiple uses and intricacies of bioslurry use.” (FAO, 2013)

7. Benefits of Bioslurry Use General lack of data. Findings vary between countries and regions depending on the treatments used, the quality of the original substrate and the management regimes applied. Bio-slurry is an effective organic fertilizer (Baral, 2010; Arthur, 2011), which can reduce pressure on the natural environment and reduce mineral fertilizers costs. Bioslurry is an important remedy in maintaining /or improving the fertility of soil as it adds organic matter to the soil and provides primary, secondary and micronutrients along with a healthy increase in microbial activity (Islam, 2011).

8. Benefits of Bio slurry Use Bio slurry can improve yields. e.g. combination of liquid bio slurry and fertilizer can increase yields of maize by 37.8%. In Uganda, treated banana plants showed an increase in yield of 4.69% compared to an untreated plot. When slurry is applied on wheat, the average yield can increase by 15 to 24% compared to a control plot.The application of 7.8 t/ ha increases the yield by 8.8% in one season and by 23.5% in the following season. Leaf numbers, height, dry weights of shoot and roots, and root volume can also increase. (Gurung, 1997; Jeptoo et al., 2012; Hivos, 2014). The average family saves US $14 per month on energy, firewood (2200kg/year) and kerosene while over US $50 per year in savings is achieved by replacing chemical fertilisers with bioslurry (Hivos, 2014).

9. Benefits of bio slurry use The importance of compost in sequestering carbon in the soil is recognised as one of the means to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Compost can use sequesters carbon (Edwards, 2011). Surplus bio slurry can be sold to generate extra income for households. A study on biogas use in Nyeri, Kenya found that farmers can generate on average an extra 3500 Kshs (35 euros) from the sale of bio-slurry. (Wachera, 2009).

10. Project Development Kenya

11. Project Description Covard consultans interviewed 240 farmers in 2015 and asked about: – Land size – Productivity (yield) – Farm management systems – Soil management Asked biogas users & non-users The way you farm determines whether you store or release organic matter (organic carbon  C02)

12. Bioslurry Nursery

13. VermiCompost

14. Black Gold

15. Kenyan Compost

16. Results of Feasibility Study

17. Assumptions & Method for Calculation We used the Cool Farm Tool (www.coolfarmtool.org ) to calculate emissionswww.coolfarmtool.org 3 Scenarios – Non-User Scenario (no biogas reactor in the household) – Project Basic Scenario (current farming practices by biogas users) – Project Plus Scenario (in 7 years 30 % of biogas users apply certain conservation agriculture practices tailor- made to their needs)

18. Non-User Scenario

20. Project Basic Scenario

22. Project Plus Scenario

24. Comparison

25. Accumulated Results

26. Conclusion Bioslurry is: – A surpreme fertilizer & helps reduce mineral fertilizer – Particularly effective if applied as compost – Carbon sequestration potential of several tons C02e / acre / year

27. Project Design We aim at integrating soil carbon sequestration into existing GS project by the end of 2015 / beginning of 2016 Methodology expected in June 2015 by Gold Standard We will conduct a baseline soil sampling on around 190 sample farms Then model soil carbon stock developments over time with the Cool Farm Tool Control modelling by taking Soil Samples again 5 – 10 years from now

28. Soil Sampling Approach Amount 2015 survey interviewees and soil sampling (biogas users and control group) Digester age group classification and distribution from all biogas users of BUS 2014 (modified for the year 2015  adding the most recent digester age group and shifting the other groups until start in 2009); new total interviewee numbers Province Year 0 to 1 (since Jan 2014) Year 1 to 2 (since Jan 2013) Year 2 - 3 (since Jan 2012) Year 3 - 4 (since Jan 2011) Year 4 - 5 (since Jan 2010) Year 5 - 6 (since Jan 2009) Total Trial group Total Control group Nakuru33333116 Kericho33333116 Kiambu33333116 Murang'a33333116 Machakos33333116 Kajiado33333116 SUB-TOTAL18 696 TOTAL 192

29. Soil Sampling Example

31. Sampling Material

32. Field Measurements Field Measurements will include: – General Information (GPS coordiantes etc.) – Bioslurry application (control of survey values) – Soil data (fertility indicators, soil organic carbon & matter) – Bulk density of soil (required to model soil carbon content)

33. Requested Input Please provide Input to the following points: – What do you think about the idea to integrate the soil carbon module into the existing Voluntary Gold Standard Biogas programme? – What do you think about our suggested soil sampling approach? – What do you think about our soil carbon modelling approach? – How can we increase bioslurry field application amongst our households? Which form do you recommend? Liquid? Dry? Compost? – Any other input?

34. Thank You – Asante Sana andre.eitner@soilandmore.com www.soilandmore.com 10/08/2015 www.soilandmore.com 34