1. 1 Energy Introduction

2. Energy What do you think of when you hear this word?

3. What is Matter? Matter is anything that takes up space or has mass. Everything that is in this room is matter. –Desk, chairs, posters, folders, water, air There are four states of matter: –Solid –Liquid –Gas –Plasma All matter is made of atoms.

4. Energy Energy is the ability to do work on or cause change in matter. Everything has energy! –It moves cars along the road –It’s the sound of footsteps –It’s the warming of your desktop when your hand touches it.

5. Energy and its Forms Energy is found in many different forms including: –chemical, electrical, heat/thermal, light, mechanical, nuclear, sound, etc. As you can see, there are many forms of energy, but they can all be put into two main categories: –Kinetic & Potential

6. Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy- the energy of movement. –Example: A person jogging at a park. If something is in motion, it has kinetic energy. What has kinetic energy in these pictures?

7. Potential Energy An object still has energy even if its not moving. Potential Energy- energy of position or stored energy –Ex. A glass of water sitting on the edge of a table. While sitting there it has stored energy because of its position. –If it is nudged, it can fall to the floor and has energy of motion. Potential Kinetic

8. Potential Energy If something is not currently in motion but has the potential to be in motion at some point, it has potential energy. Which of these pictures represents potential energy?

9. Potential Versus Kinetic Energy Think of all the forms of kinetic and potential energy you would see in the following situation: AT A PARK

10. Potential Versus Kinetic Energy Think of all the forms of kinetic and potential energy you would see in the following situation: AT SCHOOL

11. Experiment: Does mass affect potential and kinetic energy? Think of the following situations: –Rolling a bowling ball down the alley versus rolling a volleyball down the alley. –Two people of different weights racing down a hill on a sled.

12. Experiment: Does ramp height affect potential and kinetic energy? Think of the following situation: –Riding a bike down Ginger Ridge Drive versus riding down the hill in the parking lot.

13. Energy Lab 1. Question: Does mass & ramp height affect potential and kinetic energy? 2. Use What I Know 3. Hypothesis: Write one of the following sentences. Write one of the following sentences. 4. Experiment- Materials: Design (paragraph or picture): ramp 6 & 9 inches, finish line 5 feet away from bottom of ramp Constants: I need to keep the following things the same in the experiment to make it fair… I believe ramp height increases the amount of energy an object has. I believe ramp height decreases the amount of energy an object has. I believe ramp height has no effect on the amount of energy an object has. I believe mass increases the amount of energy an object has. I believe mass decreases the amount of energy an object has. I believe mass has no effect on the amount of energy an object has.

14. Energy Lab 5. Data: Test 1- Car with no added mass, Ramp Height- 6 inches Trial 1 Time:Trial 2 Time:Trial 3 Time: Average: Class Average: Test 2- Car with added mass, Ramp Height- 6 inches Trial 1 Time:Trial 2 Time:Trial 3 Time: Average: Class Average: Test 3- Car with no added mass, Ramp Height- 9 inches Trial 1 Time:Trial 2 Time:Trial 3 Time: Average: Class Average:

15. Energy Lab 7. Conclusion: Based on your results, write one of the following sentences. –Mass increases the amount of energy an object has because the car with more mass went faster. –Mass decreases the amount of energy an object has because the car with more mass went slower. –Mass had no effect on the amount of because both cars went the same speed. Based on your results, write one of the following sentences. –Ramp height increases the amount of energy an object has because the car went faster on the steeper ramp. –Ramp height decreases the amount of energy an object has because the car went slower on the steeper ramp. –Ramp height had no effect on the amount of because both cars went the same speed.

16. Self Check Do you understand kinetic versus potential energy? Answer the questions about the energy of the ball as it rolls from point A to point G. Being held at point A (Not in motion) Gaining speedLosing speed

17. Types of Energy

18. Mechanical Energy- Type of Kinetic and Potential Energy (Both) Definition: The amount of work an object can do because of its kinetic and potential energies. Example: A rolling bowling ball has __________ energy (one type of mechanical energy) and the stationary pins have __________ energy (another type of mechanical energy) When the ball strikes the pins, its energy is transferred to the pins. Now both the ball and the pins have __________ energy. Other information: Mechanical Energy= Kinetic + Potential Energy ALL MATTER HAS MECHANICAL ENERGY

19. Chemical Energy- Type of Potential Energy Definition: Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. Examples: Batteries (Power various objects, Petroleum (Fuels our cars), Natural gas (Fuels fireplace), Coal (Fuels factories), Wood (Fuels fire), Food (Provides energy for our bodies) Other Information: ❖ THINK OF FUEL Chemical energy is converted to other forms of energy when we burn/use these things.

20. Definition: Nuclear energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. Example: Occurs in nuclear power plants, atomic bomb, sun/stars Other information: Large amounts of energy can be released when the nuclei are combined or split apart. Nuclear Energy- Type of Potential Energy

21. Electrical Energy- Type of Potential Energy Definition: Electrical energy is energy stored in moving electrons. Example 1: Power in power lines and outlets provide electricity to many things in the home. Example 2: Lightning is an example of electrical energy in nature. Example 3: Static

22. Thermal Energy- Type of Kinetic Energy Definition: Thermal energy is the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within a substance. Examples: Ice melting, water turning to steam, oven cooking food, etc. Other Information: ❖ As an object is heated up, its atoms move faster and spread apart. As an object is cooled, its atoms move slower come closer together. ❖ THINK HEAT (OR LACK OF HEAT)

23. Radiant Energy- Type of Kinetic Energy Definition: Radiant energy is the movement of light or electromagnetic waves. Examples: Radiant energy includes sunshine, other visible light forms, x-rays, etc. ❖ Other Information: THINK LIGHT ❖ Travels in waves

24. Acoustic Energy- Type of Kinetic Energy Definition: Acoustic energy is energy produced by an object’s vibrations. Examples: stereo playing, birds chirping, clapping, etc. Other information ❖ THINK SOUND ❖ Travels in waves

25. EXAMPLES OF ENERGY: What type(s) of energy are being shown? 1. Roasting marshmallows

26. EXAMPLES OF ENERGY: What type(s) of energy are being shown? 1. Roasting marshmallows Thermal energy because the fire is producing heat. Radiant energy because the fire is producing light. Chemical energy because wood is fueling fire. Acoustic energy because the fire “crackles.” Mechanical energy because some things are moving and others are not.

27. EXAMPLES OF ENERGY: What type(s) of energy are being shown? 2. Eating breakfast then going for a jog

28. EXAMPLES OF ENERGY: What type(s) of energy are being shown? Mechanical energy she is in motion. Chemical energy because the food is giving her energy. Acoustic energy because she is making noise while chewing and running. Thermal energy because her body is producing heat. 2. Eating breakfast then going for a jog

29. EXAMPLES OF ENERGY: What type(s) of energy are being shown? 3. Food being cooked in the microwave

30. EXAMPLES OF ENERGY: What type(s) of energy are being shown? Electrical energy because the microwave uses electricity. Thermal energy because the food is being heated. Radiant energy because the microwave produces light. Mechanical energy because some things are in motion and others are still Acoustic energy because microwave makes sound. Chemical energy because the food will provide energy for a person. 3. Food being cooked in the microwave

31. Energy Transformations

32. Can energy appear or disappear? No! It just changes forms. An energy transformation is when energy changes from one form to another.

33. Law of conservation of Energy Energy is neither created nor destroyed. In other words, energy is transformed from one type of energy to another, but the total amount of energy remains the same.

34. Examples of Energy Transformations When you speak into your telephone acoustic energy from your voice is changed into electrical or chemical energy. (A phone plugged into the wall uses electrical energy. A cell phone that is not plugged into the wall runs on chemical energy.) The energy is carried through telephone wires. It is then converted back into acoustic energy on another phone, allowing someone to hear you. The total amount of energy is constant throughout this process.

35. Examples of Energy Transformations To turn on a ceiling fan, you must use mechanical energy to flip on the switch. Then electrical energy is transferred back into mechanical energy and radiant energy (if the fan has a light). Again, the total amount of energy remains the same.

36. Self Check Check your understanding by answering the questions from http://www.poweringourfuture.com/students/ energy/.