1. EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING ON SELF-ESTEEM IN YOUNG PEOPLE By Christina McKee

2. INTRODUCTION Media use is on the rise Don’t know much about the psychological effects

3. HOW DOES SOCIAL NETWORKING AFFECT THE SELF-ESTEEM OF YOUNG PEOPLE?

4. OUTLINE Negative Effects of General Exposure Specific Negative and Positive Effects Correlational and Experimental Designs Suggested Conclusions

5. NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE Time spent Cyber bullying Implicit comparisons

6. NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING Receiving negative feedback Focusing on others’ information* High level of investment

7. LEVEL OF INVESTMENT Dedication to the site Negative self-esteem Depressed mood

8. POSITIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING Receiving positive feedback Self-presentation Focus on close friends

9. FOCUSING ON CLOSE FRIENDS Browse Facebook Self-presentation Focus on close friends Higher self-esteem

10. CORRELATIONAL VS. EXPERIMENTAL

11. CORRELATIONAL DATA Most studies correlational Limitation: not causal results End up with or already have low self-esteem?*

12. EXPERIMENTAL DATA Only two of the six studies May be more artificial due to high levels of control Really use Facebook this way, or only because they were told to ? STRENGTH OF CORRELATIONS: Naturalistic!

13. CONCLUSIONS Psychological effects of social networking not well known Others  Negative self-esteem Self  Positive self-esteem

14. REFERENCES Acar, A. (2008). Antecedents and consequences of online social networking behavior: The case of Facebook. Journal of website promotion, 3(1-2), 62-83. Gonzales, A. L., & Hancock, J. T. (2011). Mirror, mirror on my Facebook wall: Effects of exposure to Facebook on self-esteem. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(1-2), 79-83. Neira, B., Corey, J., & Barber, B. L. (2014). Social networking site use: Linked to adolescents' social self ‐ concept, self ‐ esteem, and depressed mood. Australian Journal of Psychology, 66(1), 56-64. Social Media Use on the Rise Among Seniors - SiteProNews. (2013, August 6). Retrieved December 9, 2014. Solis, B. (2012, December 12). Social Media as the Next Web. Retrieved December 9, 2014. Steinfield, C., Ellison, N. B., & Lampe, C. (2008). Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 434-445. Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents' well-being and social self-esteem. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(5), 584-590. Wilcox, K., & Stephen, A. T. (2013). Are close friends the enemy? Online social networks, self-esteem, and self-control. Journal of Consumer research, 40(1), 90-103.

15. SELF-ESTEEM AND SOCIAL CAPITAL Bridging social capital Correlational, longitudinal study Strangers for professional purposes Those with lower self-esteem benefited most

16. SELF-ESTEEM AND STRANGERS Facebook usage Multi-faceted questionnaire Including strangers harmful to self-esteem