1. THE ROARING TWENTIES 1920-1929

2. City Life, Drinking and Fashion Young people abandoned old values for a new, more relaxed way of living Jazz music (fueled “Charleston” dance craze) Harlem Renaissance Music was carefree & reflected the attitude of the people who enjoyed it.

3. City Life, Drinking and Fashion Black musicians in New York City’s Harlem district dominated Jazz Band leader Duke Ellington, blues singer Bessie Smith, and trumpet player Louis Armstrong were popular with blacks and whites

5. City Life, Drinking and Fashion New Clothing Styles Flappers Women – shortened dresses, short hair (bobs); draped themselves with beads, bracelets & wore a lot of rouge & lipstick Men – wore baggy suits called “Oxford bags”; slicked back hair; beaver coats and straw hats were in style!

6. Before and…

7. …After

8. City Life, Drinking and Fashion These “Jazz Babies” roared off in motorcars (a new invention) to clubs where they defied the older generation by smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol illegally ( Prohibition ) – 18 th amendment

9. Underground Drinking Speakeasies “Bootlegging” or “rum running” “bath tub gin”

10. Prohibition failed from the start! Why – because it is very difficult to enforce an unpopular law! For every gallon of whiskey dumped by prohibition agents, 100 gallons reached consumers through bootleggers By mid-1920s, bootlegging was a $2 billion a year business

11. Gangsters & Organized Crime Organized crime came to control the distribution of liquor and violent gang feuds over territory alarmed the public Gangster Al Capone ran a good part of Chicago. He made millions off illegal activities but was eventually arrested for tax evasion

12. Gangsters & Organized Crime The government increased the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to combat gangsters like John Dillinger, “Pretty Boy” Floyd and Bonnie and Clyde.

13. City Life Recreation Smoking cigarettes became all the rage Sports – baseball became “America’s game” – Babe Ruth was an icon Movies – silent films were popular. People started copying the fashions and actions of actors and actresses

14. City Life Recreation

15. Silver Screen Legends

20. City Life Recreation Authors – F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby about the party lifestyle of the Roaring 20s Also popular in the 1920s was Ernest Hemingway, Edna St. Vincent Malay and Langston Hughes

21. City Life Recreation Automobile – Henry Ford invents the Model T and the assembly line allowed more Americans to afford cars

22. City Life Recreation Charles Lindbergh a.k.a. “Lucky Lindy” completes the first non-stop solo flight from New York to Paris in 1927 Bienvenue à Paris!

23. Out with the OLD???? The 1920s was a decade of new inventions, new ideas, new ways of thinking and new frontiers being crossed! BUT…not all Americans thought this was a good idea…

24. Rural Life Fundamentalists – traditionalists tried to preserve traditional values Fundamentalists were skeptical of some scientific discoveries, like the theory of evolution. They argued that all important knowledge could be found in the Bible. Dominate in the South and Midwest Evangelist Aimee Semple Macpherson

25. John Scopes Trial 1925 Also known as “The Monkey Trial” Tennessee teacher arrested and found guilty of teaching evolution in a public school The trial demonstrated the divide between science and fundamentalism NO WAY! =

26. Government & Business Warren G. Harding (1921-1923) “Return to Normalcy” After the horrors of the Great War, Americans yearned for the peace and tranquility they experienced before the war

27. Government & Business 1. Believed in less government control of business 2. Raised tariffs to highest level ever! 3. Presidency tarnished by scandal Harding’s secretary of the interior leased Tea Pot Dome, WY oil reserve to private companies for a lot of money and pocketed the extra; Sec. of Interior found guilty of bribery and convicted 4. Harding dies of a stroke in office

28. Government & Business Calvin Coolidge Continues Harding’s laissez- faire policies, ECONOMY BOOMS!

29. Booming Economy Gross National Product (GNP) – total dollar value of all final goods & services produced in a year 1922 - $74 billion  1929 - $104 billion Ford’s assembly line makes automobiles affordable for more people Average annual income went from $535 to $705! Americans began enjoying a higher standard of living by buying items on credit Other new industries include airplanes, plastics, radio, rayon, and electrical appliances.

30. Post-WWI Farming 1. Farmers suffer from loss of European markets (led to overproduction) 2. Sharecroppers head north for jobs (Great Migration)

31. Problems of the 1920s 1. Red Scare – fear of communism due to the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917 a. Labor strikes blamed on communists b. Riots and bombings done by suspected communists c. Formation of the American Communist Party d. Attorney General Palmer organized raids of suspected “Reds” e. Thousands of suspected communists arrested and deported (many were immigrants)

32. Nativism or “Why I hate immigrants” a. Distrust of immigrants being radical and taking jobs b. Cut off immigration from Asia c. Quotas set for Southern & Eastern Europeans (aka new immigrants) d. Favored immigration from Northern and Western Europe (aka old immigrants)

33. Sacco & Vanzetti Trial (1920) e. Two Italian-born anarchists convicted and executed for robbery and murder. The evidence against them was very weak and many believed they were convicted because they were immigrants.

34. African Americans a. Summer of 1919 was filled with anti- black riots and lynchings in the South b. Many African-Americans headed North to Detroit, Chicago and NYC to avoid segregation and to find jobs (called the Great Migration) c. Marcus Garvey led the “Back to Africa” movement-claiming that blacks will never gain equality in America

35. Growth of the KKK a. Klan membership rises to 4 million members b. KKK becomes politically active; start to back candidates c. Protest against blacks, Catholics, Jews and immigrants