1. Substance formed by the chemical joining of 2 or more elements in definite amounts
compound

2. Type of ion that forms when an atom loses electrons
positive

3. In a water molecule, why is the oxygen atom slightly negative
Electrons spend more time with it

4. A mixture in which the substances are evenly spread out
solution

5. Salt dissolves in water, what is the water called
solvent

6. Any substance with a pH lower than 7 is
An acid

7. Any substance with a pH higher than 7 is
A base

8. What element can bond to one another and form a lot of different structures
carbon

9. What is the monomer of protein
Amino acid

10. What is the monomer of starch (carbohydrate)
Simple sugar (glucose)

11. Is a protein a monomer or a polymer

12. Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the _______ of the reaction
speed

13. What type of cell encloses DNA in a nucleus eukaryotic

14. Is a bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic

15. An organelle called the nucleus is surrounded by what
cytoplasm

16. Microtubles and microfilaments are structures involved in the cells _________
movement

17. This converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
mitochondria

18. Would you find the chloroplast in animal or plant cells plant

19. What regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell
Cell membrane (plasma membrane)

20. What occurs because molecules are constantly moving and colliding with each other
diffusion

21. What means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell
Active transport

22. Relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism
homeostasis

23. Adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups make up what molecule
ATP

24. What happens when 1 phosphate group is removed from ATP
Energy released

25. Organisms that make their own food
autotrophs

26. Plants gather energy with light-absorbing molecules called
pigments

27. What do plants absorb in order to get energy needed for photosynthesis
sunlight

28. What happens when chlorophyll is struck by sunlight
Electrons get energized

29. What is the role of NADP+
Electron carrier

30. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
Oxygen and high-energy sugars (glucose)

31. What do organisms get by breaking down food molecules
Energy (ATP)

32. Electron transport, glycolysis, and the krebs cycle are part of ____________ _____________
Cellular respiration

33. What is the correct order of cellular respiration (3 parts)
Glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport

34. Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down ______ molecules
food

35. What are the reactants for cellular respiration
Glucose and oxygen

36. ________ increases faster than a cells surface area when it becomes larger
volume

37. When a cell divides (mitosis) each daughter cell receives what from the parent cell
Exact copy of DNA

38. What type of reproduction increases genetic diversity
Sexual reproduction

39. Which is smaller; double helix or chromosome

40. What is the middle (where the sister chromatids come together) of a chromosome called
centromere

41. What form is DNA in during prophase, metaphase, and anaphase
chromosomes

42. What does coming in contact with other cells/objects do to cell growth
Stop it

43. Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their _______ ________
Growth rate

44. Cancer cells form masses of cells called ___________
tumors

45. What type of cells has the potential to develop into other cell types
Stem cells

46. Cells are specialized through a process called _____________
differentiation

47. What are the different forms of a gene called
alleles

48. Both contributed a recessive allele
If a pea plant’s alleles for height are tt, what is true of its parents
Both contributed a recessive allele

49. Two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be ?
homozygous

50. Independent assortment
Principle that states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance
Independent assortment

51. One allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene
Incomplete dominance

52. Pattern of inheritance where there are 4 different versions of the gene for coat color
Multiple alleles

53. This produces 2 diploid daughter cells
mitosis

54. This produces 2 haploid daughter cells and then continues to meiosis II (results in 4 haploid cells)

55. Variation in human skin color is an example of what?
Polygenic traits

56. What process produces gametes
meiosis

57. A homologous pair of chromosomes, each make of two chromatids
tetrad

58. What is a good molecule for storing info because its bases can be put in any order (like the alphabet)
DNA

59. What happens to DNA before cell division
Replication (copied)

60. What do bacteriophages infect
bacteria

61. In eukaryotes, where is the DNA located
In nucleus

62. DNA replication results in 2 DNA molecules. 1 ____ and 1 ______
New … original

63. In which cells is the accurate transmission of information most important
Sex cells

64. Deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine = ?
Nucleotide of DNA
(cytosine)

65. According to base pairing what is equal to what? A=? G=?

66. Unlike DNA, RNA contains
uracil

67. What type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell
mRNA

68. During transcription, RNA is a complimentary strand to one part of one strand of ___
DNA

69. What process uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins
translation

70. Genes contain instructions for assembling _____
proteins

71. A cell reads the instructions in DNA and builds a protein based on those instructions
Gene expression

72. Where does transcription take place
In the nucleus

73. Where does translation take place
In the cytoplasm

74. How do most mutations effect an organism
No effect

75. Human females produce egg cells that have one ____ chromosomeX

76. How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype46

77. What type of genes are located on the X and Y chromosomes
Sex linked

78. The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis
nondisjuncture

79. No baby has ever been born without which chromosomeX

80. Some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes if ___________ occurs during meiosis
nondisjuncture

81. What project is an attempt to sequence the DNA of every human gene
Human genome

82. Who figured out and explain how living things change over time and supported his ideas with evidence
Darwin

83. Who suggested the earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred
Hutton and Lyell

84. Who said… traits/body structures arise as the actions of organisms by what they use or fail to use them
Lamark

85. Whos idea suggests events like war, starvation, and disease could prevent the endless growth of human populations
Malthus

86. What type of selection is when a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock
artificial

87. The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
fitness

88. What happens to organisms that have variations best suited to environmental conditions
Survive and reproduce

89. Homologous structures
Similar pattern of embryological development in different but related organisms
Homologous structures

90. Sexual reproduction, lateral gene transfer, and mutations are all sources of
Genetic variation

91. A single gene trait that has two alleles (D vs r) has _____ phenotypes2

92. Situation in which allele frequencies in a gene pool of a population remain constant
Genetic equilibrium

93. In genetic drift, the allele frequencies in a gene pool change because of ______
chance