1. The Computer System
The computer is an automatic, electronic device that accepts data or input, which it stores and processes to give output or information
What are the functions of the computer system?

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3. Types of Computers Mainframe Mini Computers Super Computers
Micro Computers
Personal Computers
Embedded Computers
Laptops, notebooks, netbooks
Palmtop Computers
Tablet PC
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4. Mainframe Computer
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5. Mini Computer
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6. Supercomputer
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7. Micro Computers
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8. Functions of a Computer System
INPUT
PROCESSING
OUTPUT
STORAGE
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9. The Computer System - Again
MEMORY
CPU
INPUT
Control Unit (CU)
Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
OUTPUT
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10. The medium through which data is sent to the computer for processing.
Input
The medium through which data is sent to the computer for processing.
Sources of Input
Data from Human users
Data from Machines
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11. Input Devices Keyboard/Keypad Touch Terminal Graphic Tablet Light Pen
Pointing Devices
Mouse
Trackball
Pointing Stick
Touchpad
**Joystick
Touch Terminal
Graphic Tablet
Light Pen
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12. Input
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13. Scanning Devices Scanning Facilities Scanner Barcode Reader
Input Devices
Scanning Devices
Scanner
Flatbed, hand-held, Drum, Sheet-fed
Barcode Reader
Scanning Facilities
OCR
OMR
MICR
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14. Scanners
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15. Digital Still-Shot Camera Digital Video Camera Webcam Smart Card
Input Devices
Digital Still-Shot Camera
Digital Video Camera
Webcam
Smart Card
Biometric Systems
Remote Control
Sensors
Interactive Whiteboards
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16. Other Input Devices

17. Input Devices Audio Input Devices Microphone
RFID – Radio Frequency Identification
MIDI
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18. Audio Input Devices

19. Gaming Input Joystick Gaming pad Gaming Wheel Light gun Dance Pad
Input Devices
Gaming Input
Joystick
Gaming pad
Gaming Wheel
Light gun
Dance Pad
Motion Sensing controllers
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20. Gaming Input Devices

21. Output
Output is the result of processing. It is the purpose you set out to achieve by using the computer.
Output Devices are pieces of equipment that are used to communicate output/information.
Types of Output
Soft copy
Hard Copy
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22. Output Devices VDU Printers Microfilm/Microfiche Audio Output
Robot/Control Systems
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23. VDU – Visual Display Unit
The Screen is made up of Pixels
Types
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
Flat Panel Display
LCD (Liquid Cristal Display)
Plasma Display
Monitor Characteristics
VDU Devices
Monitor
Multimedia Projector
LCD Panel
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24. Monitors
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25. Monitor Characteristics
Monitor Size
Display Resolution
VGA (640 X 480) – Video Graphics Array
SVGA(800 X 600) – Super Video Graphics Array
XGA/XVGA (1024 X 768) – Extended Video Graphics Array
SXGA (1280 X 1024) – Super Extended Graphics Array
UXGA (1600 X 1200) – Ultra Extended Graphics Array
QXGA (2048 X 1536) – Quad Extended Graphics Array
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26. Monitor Characteristics
Image Aspect Ratio
Ratio width to height
Refresh Rate
Number of refresh times/second
Video or graphics card or adaptor
Links processor and monitor
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27. Sound Output Speakers Voice Response Systems Speech Synthesis
Headphones
Earphones / ear buds
Voice Response Systems
Speech Synthesis
Conversion of text to speech
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28. Sound Output Devices

29. Printers Producer of Hardcopy output Classification 1:
Character printers
Line Printers
Page Printers
Classification 2:
Impact Printers
Non-impact Printers
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30. Impact Printers Dot Matrix Daisy Wheel Drum, Chain or Band Printer
Braille Printer
poster
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31. Non – Impact Printers
Thermal
Laser
Inkjet
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32. Other Printers Mobile Printers Multifunctional Printers Plotters
Pen Plotters
Inkjet Plotters
Electrostatic Plotters
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33. Microfiche/Microfilm (COM)
COM – Computer Output on Microfilm/Microfiche
Microfilm: Roll of film
Microfiche: Sheet of film
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34. Robot and Control Systems
Processor to Robotic hardware produces physical action and is therefore a type of output.
Control Systems uses sensors as input and activates an item of hardware as a result of the input received
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35. Storage
Media and Devices used to keep data and instructions available for immediate or later use.
Categories of Storage
Primary (Main Memory)
Secondary
Units of Storage
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36. Primary Storage Also called main memory
Memory chips (integrated circuit) is immediate access store and resides in the motherboard
RAM
Temporary and changeable (volatile)
Holds programs and data currently being used
Cache
High speed static RAM (SRAM)
Easier to access than primary memory
Speeds up processing
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37. Primary Storage ROM Variations of ROM
Chips holding instructions needed for starting up the computer
Non volatile (not easily modified)
Variations of ROM
PROM
EPROM
EEPROM
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38. Units of Storage – see pg 31
Bit (Binary Digit)
Byte
Character
Word
Word length
Larger Units
Kilobyte
Megabyte
Gigabyte
Terabyte
Petabyte
Exabyte
Zettabyte
yottabyte
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39. Secondary Storage
Also known as auxiliary or backup storage, keeps data and information even while the computer is switched off
Classifications by technology
Magnetic
Optical
ROM
Classification by Access type
Serial Access
Direct Access
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40. Storage Media Magnetic Tapes Magnetic Disks Optical Disks Flash Memory
Floppy Disks
Hard Disks
Optical Disks
CD (ROM; R; RW)
DVD
Blu-Ray
Flash Memory
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41. Storage Media Pgs 32 - 37 Magnetic Tapes Magnetic Disks Optical Disks
Includes microfilm
Magnetic Disks
Floppy Disks
Hard Disks
Access time; tracks, sectors, cylinders
Optical Disks
CD (ROM; R; RW)
DVD
Blu-Ray
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42. Storage Devices Optical Disk Drive Tape Drive Connectivity **USB Drive
FireWire `
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43. True / False
CPU
VDU
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44. Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
The CPU
Also known as the processor
Takes raw data and following instructions, converts it to information
Speed is measured in megahertz
Consists of the Control Unit and the Arithmetic Logic Unit
CPU
Control Unit (CU)
Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
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45. Directs and co-ordinates all activities within the CPU
Control Unit
Directs and co-ordinates all activities within the CPU
Fetches instructions from memory
Decodes the instructions
Fetches required data
Sends data and instructions to ALU for processing
Sends data to main memory after processing

46. Arithmetic Logic Unit
Performs ALL arithmetic and logical functions of the computer

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48. Label the following
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