1. Enzymes in Industry

2. The commercial uses of enzymes
Enzymes synthesized by bacterial and fungal cells have been used for processes like brewing, baking and cheese manufacture.

3. Enzymes are used in biological washing powders
Proteases break down the coloured, insoluble proteins that cause stains (e.g. blood and egg) to smaller, colourless soluble polypeptides.
Lipases break down fats in grease stains (e.g. Butter and mayonnaise)
Can wash at lower temperatures
Enzymes do not harm the environment

4. Enzymes are used in the food industry
Pectinase break down substances in apple cell walls and enable greater juice extraction.
Lactase breaks down lactose in milk into glucose and galactose. This makes milk drinkable for lactose intolerant people.

5. Enzymes are used in the food industry
Process
Use of enzymes
Baking
Enzymes in yeast convert sugar to ethanol and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide makes the bread dough rise.
Brewing
Enzymes in yeast convert sugar to ethanol and carbon dioxide. The ethanol makes the drink alcoholic; carbon dioxide gives the drink its fizz.
Cheese making
The enzyme rennin, extracted from cows’ stomachs, is used to clot milk.
Making baby food
Trypsin (a protease) is used to predigest baby food

6. Enzymes are used in seed germination
starch
amylase
secreted
embryo plant
absorbed
maltose

7. Fungi and bacteria can be used to manufacture enzymes.
Use of microorganisms and fermenters to manufacture enzymes for use in biological washing powder
Fungi and bacteria can be used to manufacture enzymes.
The fermenter is a large, sterile container with a stirrer, a pipe to add feedstock (nutrients), and air pipes to blow air into the mixture.
The temperature is maintained at around 260 C and a pH of 5-6.

8. Fermenter