1. Journalism 2001 Week 2: September 15, 2008

3. Announcements Who you are Who you are –Freshmen, sophomores, junior –Communication, philosophy, film, English, International Studies, Business, Literature, Political Science, undecided majors –Future accountants/business leaders, Men’s Health reporters, activists, anchors, editors, freelance writers, Sports Illustrated reporters, newspaper reporters –All curious and interested in improving writing!

4. Extra Credit Opportunities Primary election coverage at WDIO-TV Primary election coverage at WDIO-TV –Who attended? Cody? Media Expert: Wednesday, 9/17; 1 p.m., Kirby Rafters Media Expert: Wednesday, 9/17; 1 p.m., Kirby Rafters –Mark Anfinson, an attorney who represents newspapers on behalf of the Minnesota Newspaper Association, will talk about the First Amendment challenges faced by journalists and citizens alike at the recent GOP convention in the Twin Cities. –10 Extra Credit points: Write 5 paragraph summary of what you learned; will be posted on class Web site

5. Review of last week’s news Hard News: Hard News: (murder, City Council, government, etc.) –Major local stories –Major national/international stories –Major sports stories Soft News: Soft News: (retirements, school programs, human interest) –Local stories –National/International stories –Sports stories Statesman Statesman Today’s Front Pages Today’s Front Pages Today’s Front Pages Today’s Front Pages

6. On Sunday, a front-page story in the Duluth News- Tribune focused on: 1. Reopening of the I-35W bridge 2. Job shortage at the Fond du Luth Casino 3. Mayor Don Ness

7. What major sporting event took place in Duluth over the weekend? 1. Grandma’s Marathon 2. Northshore Inline Marathon 3. Minnesota Twins

8. Who won the election for state representative in the 7B DFL Primary? 1. Bill Kron 2. Marsh Stenerson 3. Roger Reinert

9. ______________________ skiing operations will continue this winter despite city budget cuts and layoffs that threatened to shut down the program. 1. Chester Bowl 2. Spirit Mountain 3. Fond du Lac

10. Fond du Lac Band of Chippewa Chairwoman Karen Diver says the millions of dollars her tribe’s _________ pays the City of Duluth each year amounts to a “gift” the band isn’t inclined to continue giving unless it gets something better in return. 1. tourism tax 2. casino 3. reservation

11. Journalism Case Studies Throughout semester we’ll look at ethical dilemmas journalists face on the job Throughout semester we’ll look at ethical dilemmas journalists face on the job –Compiled by University of Indiana School of Journalism Today: When Journalists Play God Today: When Journalists Play GodWhen Journalists Play GodWhen Journalists Play God

12. Words matter!

13. Assignment due today: Using the Tuesday (9/9) Duluth News-Tribune, list the stories on the front page, local section and the sports section. Determine if the stories where selected on the traditional news elements of: Using the Tuesday (9/9) Duluth News-Tribune, list the stories on the front page, local section and the sports section. Determine if the stories where selected on the traditional news elements of: –Timeliness –Proximity/relevance –Conflict –Prominence –Consequence & impact –Human Interest Keep evaluations brief: no more than three sentences each. Email Microsoft Word attachment to: lkragnes@d.umn.edu

14. Also due today: AP Stylebook practice Let’s check AP Stylebook…. Let’s check AP Stylebook….

16. Chapter 4: Summary leads Summary lead literally sums up the story in the lead, giving the reader the most important information first Summary lead literally sums up the story in the lead, giving the reader the most important information first Developed in Civil War when stories sent by telegraph Developed in Civil War when stories sent by telegraph Continued into the 1970s with wire service telegraph machines Continued into the 1970s with wire service telegraph machines

17. Inverted pyramid Put the most important news first Put the most important news first Organize the rest of the paragraphs in descending order of importance Organize the rest of the paragraphs in descending order of importance Why? Lets readers quickly scan a newspaper story and decide whether to continue reading it Why? Lets readers quickly scan a newspaper story and decide whether to continue reading it Different from short stories, novels, most feature stories Different from short stories, novels, most feature stories Easy to cut stories as needed to fit news hole Easy to cut stories as needed to fit news hole

18. The 5 Ws and H! Who? Who? What? What? When? When? Where? Where? Why? Why? How? How? Focal point determines emphasis in lead

19. No two leads the same Reporters covering the same story will write different leads Reporters covering the same story will write different leads Examples from Duluth News-Tribune and Minneapolis Star Tribune about opening of Swenson Science Building Examples from Duluth News-Tribune and Minneapolis Star Tribune about opening of Swenson Science Building

20. How to write a summary lead Usually a single sentence Usually a single sentence No more than 35 words No more than 35 words Bottom line: –Use a single sentence of no more than 35 words in a summary lead

21. Identifying the focal point Which W or H is the focal point? Which W or H is the focal point? Let’s practice: Let’s practice: –The search for a new president for the university has been temporarily postponed.  Who:  What:  When:  Where:  Why:  How: Focal point?

22. Mayor Jane Doe announced today that she will not seek re-election next year. Mayor Jane Doe announced today that she will not seek re-election next year. –Who: –What: –When: –Where: –Why: –How: Focal point?

23. In an effort to increase awareness on campus, the UMD Kirby Program Board has appointed a new coordinator, and she plans to use more advertising to bring about change. In an effort to increase awareness on campus, the UMD Kirby Program Board has appointed a new coordinator, and she plans to use more advertising to bring about change. –Who: –What: –When: –Where: –Why: –How: Focal point?

24. What to avoid Clutter leads: Clutter leads: –Too much information overwhelms readers Buried leads: Buried leads: –Don’t make the reader work too hard

25. What’s the bottom line for a summary lead? 1. Usually a single sentence of no more than 35 words. 2. Usually as long as needed to tell story. 3. Usually two sentences of no more than 35 words.

26. Billings Gazette Examples Stuck gas pedal puts automobile in bank office Stuck gas pedal puts automobile in bank office Blizzard leaves ‘nothing to feed’ Blizzard leaves ‘nothing to feed’ Flash flood leaves mess in Buffalo Flash flood leaves mess in Buffalo Buffalo flash flood leaves silt layer, ‘incredible mess’ Buffalo flash flood leaves silt layer, ‘incredible mess’ Subdivision wants county to take over private road Subdivision wants county to take over private road

27. How I write a lead When starting to write a story, I often write out all of my notes, including the direct quotes When starting to write a story, I often write out all of my notes, including the direct quotes Lead often becomes clear in the second graph Lead often becomes clear in the second graph When leaving a meeting, speech, etc., ask myself: What would I tell my friend, husband, person passing in the street? When leaving a meeting, speech, etc., ask myself: What would I tell my friend, husband, person passing in the street? What happened? What happened? Who cares? Who cares?

28. Active voice Write in active/rather than passive voice Write in active/rather than passive voice What’s the difference? What’s the difference? –In active voice, the subject performs the action expressed in the verb; the subject acts –In passive voice, the subject receives the action expressed in the verb; the subject is acted upon Active voice doesn’t mean present tense Active voice doesn’t mean present tense

29. Huh? Active voice: Subject acts Active voice: Subject acts –The dog bit the boy. –Mary will present her research at the conference. –Scientists tested the hypothesis by conducting experiments. Passive voice: Subject acted upon Passive voice: Subject acted upon –The boy was bitten by the dog. –Research will be presented by Mary at the conference. –Experiments have been conducted to test the hypothesis.

30. Summary of summary leads Don’t go with the first lead Don’t go with the first lead Avoid unnecessary words Avoid unnecessary words Avoid gobbledygook Avoid gobbledygook –Government jargon Write clearly, concisely Write clearly, concisely Use vivid verbs Use vivid verbs Use colorful words Use colorful words

31. Chapter 3: Qualities of good writing Poynter Institute for Media Studies Poynter Institute for Media Studies http://www.poynter.org http://www.poynter.org http://www.poynter.org

32. Robert Gunning: 10 Principles of Clear Writing Keep sentences short, on the average Keep sentences short, on the average Prefer the simple to the complex Prefer the simple to the complex –KISS: Keep It Simple, Stupid! Use familiar words Use familiar words –10 th grader Avoid unnecessary words Avoid unnecessary words Use active verbs Use active verbs Write the way you talk Write the way you talk Use terms your reader can picture Use terms your reader can picture Tie in with your reader’s experience Tie in with your reader’s experience Use a variety of words Use a variety of words Write to express, not impress Write to express, not impress –Communicate!

33. Words matter!

34. Chapter 5: Organizing a news story Inverted pyramid style Inverted pyramid style –Write a terse lead of no more than 35 words –Provide background  From source or previous story –Present news in order of descending importance  Seldom chronologically –Use quotations early and throughout  After the news, separated by news and paraphrases –Use transitions  Numerically, by time, geographically, with words (also, but, once) –Do not editorialize! –Avoid “the end”  Report news until the end; often end with direct quote

35. Hourglass Style Hourglass Style –Same as inverted pyramid until the turn, a transitional paragraph to introduce a chronology of events –Used when reporting trials, police, fire news Circle Style Circle Style –Mainly for feature stories –Reporter sets scene, returns to it Block Style Block Style –News or feature stories –Often broader story, introduces many sources

36. What about the end? Don’t end with “the end” Don’t end with “the end” No editorial comment to wrap it up No editorial comment to wrap it up Just quit, or use a direct quote Just quit, or use a direct quote

37. Hard News 1 Story Assignment Work in teams to interview Duluth citizens Work in teams to interview Duluth citizens Each reporter writes own story Each reporter writes own story Interview 8-10 Duluthians Interview 8-10 Duluthians –Might not use all sources in story –List all sources, with contact info, at end of story Groups of 1 to 2: Groups of 1 to 2: –Will finalize groups next week Stories will be posted on class Web site: Stories will be posted on class Web site: –Fall Jour 2001 Website Fall Jour 2001 WebsiteFall Jour 2001 Website

38. Let’s brainstorm ideas of where Duluthians gather: Greyhound bus station West Duluth Greyhound bus station West Duluth Amazing Grace café in Canal Park Amazing Grace café in Canal Park Fond du Luth Casino/Old Downtown Fond du Luth Casino/Old Downtown First Street/Cozy Bar/Encounter First Street/Cozy Bar/Encounter Gas station Gas station Miller Hill Mall bus stop Miller Hill Mall bus stop Pizza Luce concert Pizza Luce concert Courthouse Courtyard Courthouse Courtyard Public library Public library Canal Park/Lift bridge Canal Park/Lift bridge WalMart WalMart Dunn Brothers coffee shop Dunn Brothers coffee shop

39. Ideas from last semester UMD Dining Center/Kirby Student Center UMD Dining Center/Kirby Student Center Northlan Gaming Center Northlan Gaming Center –Lincoln Park/West End Encounter/Cozy Bar corner (2 nd Ave. E. & First St.) Encounter/Cozy Bar corner (2 nd Ave. E. & First St.) Spirit Mountain Spirit Mountain Miller Hill Mall Miller Hill Mall Community Center Community Center DECC: Hockey game DECC: Hockey game Downtown: Superior Street Downtown: Superior Street Marshal Performing Arts Center: Play Marshal Performing Arts Center: Play

40. Hard News 1 Story Pitch Due: September 24 Length of story pitch: three paragraphs, about 200 words Length of story pitch: three paragraphs, about 200 words Include the 5 Ws and H: what makes this story newsworthy Include the 5 Ws and H: what makes this story newsworthy Let’s look at the calendar: http://www.d.umn.edu/~lkragnes

41. Sample story pitch Michelle Skarp Michelle Skarp Michelle Skarp Michelle Skarp –What’s missing from list of questions?

42. In-class assignment for 9/22 To help you prepare for interviewing sources, during next week’s class you will be interviewing Lucy Kragness. She will review her background, and each student will ask at least one question. –Assume story assignment for the Statesman –To prepare, review website, write out questions in advance.  http://www.d.umn.edu/~lkragnes http://www.d.umn.edu/~lkragnes

43. Assignment for 9/22 Summary lead exercises Summary lead exercises –Steps to help you:  Identify the five Ws and H  What’s the focal point? –Determine what’s the most important to include –Reminder: Summary lead contains no more than 35 words –Email assignment, written in Microsoft Word, as an attachment to lkragnes@d.umn.edu lkragnes@d.umn.edu Read Chapters 6, 7, 10 Read Chapters 6, 7, 10

44. Today’s assignment AP Stylebook editing practice AP Stylebook editing practice Summary lead exercise Summary lead exercise –Steps to help you:  Identify the five Ws and H –Who? –What? –When? –Where? –Why? –How?  What’s the focal point? –Determine what’s the most important to include –Reminder: Summary lead contains no more than 35 words –Email assignment, written in Microsoft Word, as an attachment to lkragnes@d.umn.edu lkragnes@d.umn.edu