1. Copyright © 2006-2007 The Beyond Intractability Project Beyond Intractability is a Registered Trademark of the University of Colorado PowerPoint Summary of: Apology and Forgiveness

2. Slide 2 : Apology Apology consists of a guilty party taking responsibility for its actions in a heartfelt and truly remorseful way Successful apology can begin to heal deep psychological injuries Without apology, people stay locked in emotional situations that cause conflict PowerPoint Summary of: Apology and Forgiveness

3. Slide 3 : Forgiveness Forgiveness consists of a victims finding space in their heart to forgive or fully accept the apology An apology is not complete until perpetrators have been forgiven Taken together, apology and forgiveness reflect constructive ways to come to grips with past conflicts -- even atrocities PowerPoint Summary of: Apology and Forgiveness

4. Slide 4: Dynamics of Apology/Forgiveness Apology can be… done by individuals directly done by proxy through representatives of collectives Must be performed genuinely by the leadership Must be backed by the population to hold weight Collective apology/forgiveness can be facilitated by third parties PowerPoint Summary of: Apology and Forgiveness

5. Slide 5: Apology/Forgiveness in Conflict Both sides are usually guilty of some misdeeds, so usually… Both sides should apologize and forgive Often, asymmetric power relations make the degree of the offense disproportionate PowerPoint Summary of: Apology and Forgiveness

6. Slide 6: Forgiving is NOT Forgetting We must remember the past, so it is not repeated But by forgiving, we are releasing ourselves from the negative emotions of the past Apology and forgiveness lessens the chance that the cycle will be repeated PowerPoint Summary of: Apology and Forgiveness