Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Plant Growth.

Published byAmberlynn Hunter Modified over 8 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Plant Growth."— Presentation transcript:

1 Plant Growth

2 Growth in Animals Animals grow throughout the whole organism
many regions & tissues at different rates

3 Growth in Plants Specific regions of growth: _____________
stem cells: perpetually embryonic tissue regenerate new cells ___________________ growth in length primary growth growth in girth (width) secondary growth

4 Apical meristems shoot shoot

5 Root structure & growth
protecting the meristem

6 protecting the meristem
Shoot growth Apical bud & primary growth of shoot region of stem growth __________________ “waiting in the wings” protecting the meristem Young leaf primordium Apical meristem Older leaf primordium Lateral bud primordium Vascular tissue

7 Growth in woody plants Woody plants grow in height from tip
Primary xylem Growth in woody plants Woody plants grow in height from tip primary growth ______________________ Woody plants grow in diameter from sides secondary growth _____________________ makes 2° phloem & 2° xylem makes bark Primary phloem Epidermis Lateral meristems Secondary xylem Primary phloem Primary xylem Secondary phloem Annual growth layers Bark

8 Secondary growth Secondary growth growth in diameter
thickens & strengthens older part of tree ____________________________________ growing ring around tree

9 Why are early & late growth different?
Vascular cambium Phloem produced to the outside Xylem produced to the inside bark phloem cork cambium phloem late vascular cambium early last year’s xylem

10 Woody stem How old is this tree? cork cambium vascular cambium late
early 3 2 1 xylem phloem bark

11 Tree trunk anatomy tree girdling What does girdling do to a tree?
Aaaargh! Murderer! Arborcide! Tree trunk anatomy tree girdling What does girdling do to a tree?

12 Tree trunk anatomy tree girdling What does girdling do to a tree?
Aaaargh! Murderer! Arborcide! Tree trunk anatomy tree girdling What does girdling do to a tree?

13 Where will the carving be in 50 years?

14 Plant hormones __________________ and more…

15 Auxin (IAA) Effects controls cell division & differentiation
__________________ growth towards light asymmetrical distribution of auxin cells on darker side elongate faster than cells on brighter side

16 Gibberellins Family of hormones Effects
over 100 different gibberellins identified Effects stem elongation ____________________ plump grapes in grocery stores have been treated with gibberellin hormones while on the vine

17 Abscisic acid (ABA) Effects ____________________
high concentrations of abscisic acid germination only after ABA is inactivated or leeched out survival value: seed will germinate only under optimal conditions light, temperature, moisture

18 One bad apple spoils the whole bunch…
Ethylene Hormone gas released by plant cells Effects ____________________ like in Autumn apoptosis One bad apple spoils the whole bunch…

19 Fruit ripening Adaptation Mechanism
hard, tart fruit protects developing seed from herbivores ripe, sweet, soft fruit attracts animals to disperse seed Mechanism triggers ripening process breakdown of cell wall softening conversion of starch to sugar sweetening positive feedback system ethylene triggers ripening ripening stimulates more ethylene production clusters of fruit ripen together

20 Apoptosis in plants Many events in plants involve apoptosis
What is the evolutionary advantage of loss of leaves in autumn? Many events in plants involve apoptosis response to hormones ethylene auxin death of annual plant after flowering senescence differentiation of xylem vessels loss of cytoplasm shedding of autumn leaves The loss of leaves each autumn is an adaptation that keeps deciduous trees from desiccating during winter when the roots cannot absorb water from the frozen ground. Before leaves abscise, many essential elements are salvaged from the dying leaves and are stored in stem parenchyma cells. These nutrients are recycled back to developing leaves the following spring. Fall color is a combination of new red pigments made during autumn and yellow and orange carotenoids that were already present in the leaf but are rendered visible by the breakdown of the dark green chlorophyll in autumn. Photo: Abscission of a maple leaf. Abscission is controlled by a change in the balance of ethylene and auxin. The abscission layer can be seen here as a vertical band at the base of the petiole. After the leaf falls, a protective layer of cork becomes the leaf scar that helps prevent pathogens from invading the plant (LM).

21 Don’t take this lying down…
Ask Questions!!

22

23 Apical meristems shoot shoot

24 Root structure & growth
protecting the meristem

25 protecting the meristem
Shoot growth Apical bud & primary growth of shoot region of stem growth __________________ “waiting in the wings” protecting the meristem Young leaf primordium Apical meristem Older leaf primordium Lateral bud primordium Vascular tissue

26 Growth in woody plants Woody plants grow in height from tip
Primary xylem Growth in woody plants Woody plants grow in height from tip primary growth ______________________ Woody plants grow in diameter from sides secondary growth _____________________ makes 2° phloem & 2° xylem makes bark Primary phloem Epidermis Lateral meristems Secondary xylem Primary phloem Primary xylem Secondary phloem Annual growth layers Bark

27 Why are early & late growth different?
Vascular cambium Phloem produced to the outside Xylem produced to the inside bark phloem cork cambium phloem late vascular cambium early last year’s xylem

28 Woody stem How old is this tree? cork cambium vascular cambium late
early 3 2 1 xylem phloem bark

29 Basic plant anatomy 1

30 Leaves Function of leaves photosynthesis gas exchange transpiration
energy production CHO production gas exchange transpiration simple vs. compound

31

32 Parenchyma Parenchyma cells are unspecialized, thin, flexible & carry out many metabolic functions all other cell types in plants develop from parenchyma

33 Collenchyma Collenchyma cells have thicker primary walls & provide support help support without restraining growth remain alive in maturity the strings in celery stalks are collenchyma

34 Sclerenchyma Thick, rigid cell wall Cells for support lignin (wood)
cannot elongate mostly dead at maturity Cells for support xylem vessels xylem tracheids fibers rope fibers sclereids nutshells seed coats grittiness in pears

35 Structure–Function again!
Vascular tissue vessel elements Xylem move water & minerals up from roots dead cells at functional maturity only cell walls remain need empty pipes to efficiently move H2O transpirational pull vessel element dead cells Aaaah… Structure–Function again! tracheids

36 Phloem: food-conducting cells
carry sugars & nutrients throughout plant sieve tube companion cell sieve plate plasmodesmata living cells

37 Phloem: food-conducting cells
sieve tube elements & companion cells

38 Vascular tissue in stems dicot monocot
trees & shrubs monocot grasses & lilies collect annual rings

39 Vascular tissue in roots: dicot
phloem xylem

40 Vascular tissue in roots: monocot
xylem phloem

41 Flower Modified shoot with 4 rings of modified leaves sepals petals
stamens male carpel female Anther Filament Stamen Stigma Style Ovary Carpel Sepal Petal Ovule sepals petals stamens carpel adaptations through mutations

42 What is a Cotyledon? Cotyledon: seed leaf in the embryo of an angiosperm that hold food for the developing plant May form a leaf after germination

43

44

Download ppt "Plant Growth."

Similar presentations

PLANT FORM AND FUNCTION

PLANT FORM AND FUNCTION
Plant Anatomy.

Plant Anatomy.
Plant Anatomy (Ch. 35).

Plant Anatomy (Ch. 35).
Chapter 35 Reading Quiz What are the three basic plant organs?

Chapter 35 Reading Quiz What are the three basic plant organs?
Plant Growth (Ch. 35, 39).

Plant Growth (Ch. 35, 39).
Chapter 31 Plant reproduction and growth Plant growth Fig 31.7.

Chapter 31 Plant reproduction and growth Plant growth Fig 31.7.
Plants Transport and Tissue 2005-2006 Transport in plants H 2 O & minerals – transport in xylem – transpiration Sugars – transport in phloem – bulk flow.

Plants Transport and Tissue Transport in plants H 2 O & minerals – transport in xylem – transpiration Sugars – transport in phloem – bulk flow.
AP Biology Lecture #52 Plant Anatomy 2005-2006. AP Biology 2005-2006 Plant Anatomy.

AP Biology Lecture #52 Plant Anatomy AP Biology Plant Anatomy.
Chapters 21 and 22.

Chapters 21 and 22.
Plant Structure An overview. Plant Cells Cell Walls  Primary  Secondary  Middle lamella  Plasmodesmata.

Plant Structure An overview. Plant Cells Cell Walls  Primary  Secondary  Middle lamella  Plasmodesmata.
AP Biology 2007-2008 Plant Growth AP Biology Growth in Animals  Animals grow throughout the whole organism  many regions & tissues at different rates.

AP Biology Plant Growth AP Biology Growth in Animals  Animals grow throughout the whole organism  many regions & tissues at different rates.
AP Biology 10/4/2015 Chapter 35. Plant Anatomy. AP Biology 10/4/2015 Figure 35.0 The effect of submersion in water on leaf development in Cabomba.

AP Biology 10/4/2015 Chapter 35. Plant Anatomy. AP Biology 10/4/2015 Figure 35.0 The effect of submersion in water on leaf development in Cabomba.
AP Biology 2006-2007 Plant Anatomy AP Biology Basic plant anatomy 1  root  root tip  root hairs.

AP Biology Plant Anatomy AP Biology Basic plant anatomy 1  root  root tip  root hairs.
Plant Anatomy Spikelet Inflorescence Internode Culm (stem) Node (joint) Rhizome Stolon Leaf.

Plant Anatomy Spikelet Inflorescence Internode Culm (stem) Node (joint) Rhizome Stolon Leaf.
Chapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth

Chapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth
Plant Anatomy Basic Plant Anatomy Root ◦Anchors plant in place and provides nutrition ◦Want high SA/V Ratio Shoot (stem) ◦Consists of stems, leaves,

Plant Anatomy Basic Plant Anatomy Root ◦Anchors plant in place and provides nutrition ◦Want high SA/V Ratio Shoot (stem) ◦Consists of stems, leaves,
Plant Anatomy Chapter 35 2006-2007.

Plant Anatomy Chapter
AP Biology 2006-2007 Plant Anatomy AP Biology Basic plant anatomy 1  root  root tip  root hairs.

AP Biology Plant Anatomy AP Biology Basic plant anatomy 1  root  root tip  root hairs.
Plant Tissues AP Biology. Typical Plant Structure Shoots: above ground structures Roots: below ground Structures consist of three major tissue systems:

Plant Tissues AP Biology. Typical Plant Structure Shoots: above ground structures Roots: below ground Structures consist of three major tissue systems:
AP Biology D.N.A Objective: SWBAT identify the basic structure of angiosperms IOT describe how the physiological functions of plants  Identify the 3.

AP Biology D.N.A Objective: SWBAT identify the basic structure of angiosperms IOT describe how the physiological functions of plants  Identify the 3.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google