1. Ancient Greece

2. Greek Timeline 776 BC - First Olympic Games
Golden Age of Greece
Great advances in Science, Mathematics, Philosophy, Architecture
480 BC – Battle of Thermopyale
– Peloponnesian War (Athens vs Sparta)
338 BC - Philip II of Macedon takes control of Athens
336 BC – Alexander the Great takes control and conquers great new territories for Greece
146 BC – Rome conquers Greece and

3. Greece under Alexander the Great

4. Geography of Greece
Mountainous/Rocky land made farming and travel difficult
Barley, olives and grapes are main crops, Goats were main animals
Olive oil was most prized export.
Sailed the seas for trading (wheat, iron ore, timber)
Trading between islands and throughout Mediterranean with the Phoenicians
The soil was not very fertile along the coastline. The ancient Greeks used systems of irrigation and crop rotation to help solve that problem.

5. Climate of Athens
Write a short fact about the climate of Athens

6. Ancient Greece Vocabulary
City-State: A central city and surrounding villages that follow the same laws, government, language, religious beliefs and ways of life (Specific to Greece)
Examples: Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Megara, Argos
Empire: Large group of people & states ruled by an Emperor
Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire,
Civilization : Name for a group of people who have a place to gather, a language

7. Types of Government
Oligarchy: Form of Government where power is held by a few (Sparta)
Direct Democracy: Form of government where everyone votes on every issue (Athens).
Why is this good? Why is this also difficult
Representative Democracy: Voters choose elected officials to make decisions for them (USA)

8. Athens Academic capital of Greece – based on education
Largest City-State, present day capital
Citizens could vote and be in government
Direct Democracy – people would vote on every issue
Only Athenian born free males over the age of 18 could vote (Slaves, Women, Foreigners couldn’t vote)
Strong Navy
Girls stayed home to do domestic duties. They were told to “see little, hear little, and ask no more questions than was absolutely necessary.”
Boys studied reading & writing, practiced boxing and wrestling.

10. Sparta Ruled by two Kings Great Military Power
Monarchy : Ruled by a King
Oligarchy: Ruled by a few
Great Military Power
Boys went to military training at age 7
Girls trained to be strong mothers in order to have strong children
Enemies with Athens (Peloponnesian war)

12. Shared Culture of Athens & Sparta
Both Were Independent states (City States)
Both Speak Greek and use the Greek Alphabet
Participated in ancient Olympics
Worshiped the same gods and goddesses
Both are enemies with the Persian Empire

13. Other City States Corinth Argos Megara
Corinth was a monarchy. The people were ruled by a king. To solve the problem of foreign money pouring into their polis, the government of Corinth created its own coinage. They forced traders to exchange their coins for Corinth's coinage at the bank of Corinth, for a fee of course.
Argos
Many scholars credit Argos with the invention of coinage in ancient Greece, an invention that made trade much easier.
Megara
They were famous for their glorious textiles, which were the envy of other Greek city-states, did a great deal of trading. Also founded the city of Byzantium, (Constantinople/Istanbul) in 630 BCE

14. Greek Democracy Democracy means the rule of the people (in Greek).
The earliest democracy in the world began in Athens, in 510 BC
But Who Gets to Vote?
Athenians developed the idea of Citizenship 
Greek leaders decided that only men who owned large plots of land were citizens.
Women, slaves, foreigners and people with little or no property were not given the rights and responsibilities of Athenian citizenship.
While the Ancient Greeks restricted democratic rights to a small portion of the population, the idea of democracy was born. 

15. Philosophy Ancient Greece gave the world Philosophy
Study of why the world is the way it is = WHY
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
All three of these lived in Athens for most of their lives, and they knew each other. 
One of the reasons that Athens was the Academic Capital

16. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Socrates came first, and Plato was his student, around 400 BC.
Socrates was killed in 399 BC, and Plato began his work by writing down what Socrates had taught, and then continued by writing down his own ideas and opening a school. 
Aristotle was more interested in Science than Socrates or Plato, maybe because his father was a doctor. He wanted to use Socrates' logical methods to figure out how the real world worked; therefore Aristotle is really the father of today's scientific method.

17. Socrates
Felt an urge to think about the world around him, and try to answer some difficult questions.
"What is wisdom?" , What is beauty?“, "What is the right thing to do?”
Socrates soon had a group of young men who listened to him and learned from him how to think. Plato was one of these young men.
Questioned the Government, and thought the smartest people should make the decisions for everyone.
Father of Philosophy – Put to death for outspoken views

18. Plato Taught by Socrates and learned how to think and what to question
Upset when Socrates was killed, and began writing down Socrates’ ideas
Everything we know about Socrates comes from Plato
Began forming his own ideas about the world, government
Tried to think about better forms of Government for Athens
Plato’s Republic
Thought most people were stupid
Only the best should vote and make Decisions
Plato

19. Aristotle Another Greek Philosopher & teacher
Tried to learn about everything possible
Walking encyclopedia
Studied at Plato’s academy
Teacher of Alexander the Great
“It is doubtful whether any human being has ever known as much as he did"

20. Major Achievements Art Architecture Culture (Poetry and Plays)
Created great statues and pottery
Architecture
Competition to see which City-State had the greatest temples
Culture (Poetry and Plays)
Created outstanding literature, poetry and mythology.
Homer’s Iliad and the Odyssey
Greeks famous for plays that were Comedies or Tragedies

27. Major Achievements Math, Science and Technology
Greeks understood world was round
Had advanced Astronomy
Archimedes
Gold Crown Story
Greeks were very skilled at math
Invented rules of Geometry
Pythagorean Theorem
Thought medicine & science was important
Hippocrates known as the Father of Medicine

28. Major Achievements Political Life & Ideas Military Strategy
Developed Worlds First Democracy
Created Citizenship
Different ways to Govern people
Military Strategy
Great stories of war from Ancient Greece
Trojan Horse
300 Spartans at Thermoplye

29. Trading in Ancient Greece
Being on the water helped Ancient Greece becoming an important trading partner
Use of coins increased trade
Exports:
pottery, bronze, silver and gold vessels, olive oil, wine, and textiles
Imports
Timber, animal skins, luxury items and exotic raw materials
Influenced other cultures across the Mediterranean

32. Military Power of Greece
Each City-State had their own army
Wars were common, always fighting over borders
Sometimes City States would join leagues as allies
There are four main wars (How do we know?)
Trojan War (about 1250 BC, but might be made up)
Persian Wars (  BC)
Peloponnesian War ( BC)
Campaigns of Alexander the Great ( BC).

33. State Authority Taxes Slavery
Commonly collected on sales of houses, slaves, herds and flocks, and other goods.
Sometimes city-states would tax the very rich – usually in times of war.
Slavery
Cleaned and cooked, worked in the fields, factories, shops, in the mines, & on ships, even as police. They could not go to school, or enter politics, or use their own name. They were the property of their owner, not citizens . Some were captured in battle, some were the children of slaves and some children were sold into slavery by poor families.

34. Laws in Ancient Greece Each City-State had their own laws
Most were written laws
Sparta was the exception
Athens had juries for their courts
Famous lawyers made people think about the purpose of laws
Draco – Harsh punishments, thought to deter crime
Solon – More sensible laws, punishment fits crime

35. Religion in Ancient Greece
Ancient Greeks practiced Greek Mythology
Polytheistic Religion (Poly – Many, Theos-God) Greek
Poluqeos
12 main Gods lived on Mount Olympus
Zeus was the Supreme God

36. Ellhniko Alrabhto Greeks had their own language and alphabet
The Greek Alphabet
Used since 8000 BCE
Similar to what we have today
Important Because…
Helped develop written record
Allowed for communication
Writers, poets, stories & plays
Helped advance society

37. Modern Greece Population: 11 Million Capital: Athens Language: Greek
Member of the European Union
Trouble with Debt (spending more than they collect in taxes
Trouble with extremist political parties

38. Historical Understanding
Political: Had a variety of governments
Sparta: Oligarchy, Athens: Democracy
Economic:
Being near other big civilizations helped trade. Also had their own currency to help trade with others. Water/boats were very important.
Religion
Believed in Greek Mythology – Gods & Goddesses who controlled the world

39. Historical Understanding
Science/Technology:
Great at Math (Pythagoras) and Astronomy
Written Language
Used the Greek Alphabet and had a spoken language
Education
Stronger in some city-states (Athens) than others
Philosophy was important as was literature & drama
Family Life
Different for each City State (Athens vs Sparta)