1. Justice Sector Reform 101 Course November 11 th and 12 th, 2010 Klaus Decker, Public Sector Management Specialist, ECSPE Gerald Thacker, World Bank Consultant Court Facilities in Justice Reform Projects

2. Court Facilities in Justice Reform Projects Court Facilities in Justice Reform Projects Overview Rationale for court facility components in justice reform projects Rationale for court facility components in justice reform projects Issues at identification and preparation stage Issues at identification and preparation stage Issues at implementation stage Issues at implementation stage Issues at evaluation stage Issues at evaluation stage Some criticism Some criticism

3. Rationale for Court Facility Components Rationale for Court Facility Components Why are court facility components part of World Bank justice reform projects?

4. Rationale for Court Facility Components Rationale for Court Facility Components Because they are necessary to achieve Project Development Objectives, such as… Improving access to justice Improving access to justice Increasing efficiency Increasing efficiency Reducing court delay Reducing court delay Enhancing quality of service delivery Enhancing quality of service delivery Reducing corruption in the courts Reducing corruption in the courts Etc. Etc.

5. Rationale for Court Facility Components Rationale for Court Facility Components Just a Tool – Part of Overall Reforms Just a Tool – Part of Overall Reforms  IT  Training  Human Resources  Case Management  Court organization/administration  Budgeting and financial management  Facilities Supports Project Development Objective and should be tied directly to it —not a project goal itself Supports Project Development Objective and should be tied directly to it —not a project goal itself

6. Identification and Preparation Identification and Preparation What are issues to consider at identification and preparation stage when it comes to court facilities?

7. Identification and Preparation Fundamental Question: To build or not to build? Construction is the last choice NOT the first Construction is the last choice NOT the first  May need to dissuade clients who look first to Bank loans for buildings Before building should consider: Before building should consider:  Operational changes  Technology  Facilities alternatives

8. Identification and Preparation Identification and Preparation A court facility component has inevitable implications… Long lead time Long lead time Relative expense Relative expense More “elaborate” procurement procedures More “elaborate” procurement procedures Intensive supervision for client and World Bank Intensive supervision for client and World Bank

9. Identification and Preparation Facility component options: Renovate and expand existing courthouse Renovate and expand existing courthouse Renovate existing facilities and construct new satellite courthouse Renovate existing facilities and construct new satellite courthouse Build an all-new facility Build an all-new facility Examine site alternatives Examine site alternatives

10. Identification and Preparation Identification and Preparation Other issues to focus on: Assess condition of facilities to support reforms Assess condition of facilities to support reforms Ability of court/government to implement facilities component Ability of court/government to implement facilities component Current resource allocation and capital budget process Current resource allocation and capital budget process Estimate of costs (assumptions and future scenarios) Estimate of costs (assumptions and future scenarios) Timeframes Timeframes Support for on-going maintenance and operations Support for on-going maintenance and operations

11. Identification and Preparation Typical challenges with existing facilities: Crumbling structures Crumbling structures Outdated and non-functioning building systems Outdated and non-functioning building systems Poor maintenance Poor maintenance Lack of sufficient space for: Lack of sufficient space for:  Courtrooms  Public areas  Records storage  Secured areas for defendants in custody Intermingled circulation pathways Intermingled circulation pathways

12. Building Conditions: Crumbling Structures

13. Building Conditions: Lack of Filing and Storage Space

14. Filing and Storage Improvements

15. Building Conditions: Lack of Basic Spaces

16. The Unexpected

17. Identification and Preparation Timeframes… Up to 2000 M 2 : 9 to 14 months Up to 2000 M 2 : 9 to 14 months 2 to 3 months to develop scope of work and contract for design 2 to 3 months to develop scope of work and contract for design 3 months to design 3 months to design 2 months to contract for construction 2 months to contract for construction 6 months to construct 6 months to construct 10,000 M 2 and up: 3 to 5 years 10,000 M 2 and up: 3 to 5 years 3 to 6 months to develop scope of work and contract for design 3 to 6 months to develop scope of work and contract for design 6 months to design 6 months to design 3 months to contract for construction 3 months to contract for construction 24 to 36 months to construct 24 to 36 months to construct

19. Identification and Preparation Successful techniques Successful techniques  Limit major new construction  Design Build  Pattern designs  Multiple construction awards Projects can’t always proceed concurrently Projects can’t always proceed concurrently  Limits of courts; of design; of construction  Availability of construction materials  Weather  Topography

20. Identification and Preparation Some guidance on costs… Issues and scenarios Issues and scenarios  Inflation of construction costs & exchange rates  Construction market – competition for building  Capacity of construction/design markets Recent WB funded projects Recent WB funded projects  New Construction = $600 to $1000 per square meter  Renovations = $450 to $600 per square meter

21. The Cost of Facilities Source: IFMA

22. Identification and Preparation Identification and Preparation Ideally, you end up with a comprehensive courthouse program… Functional assessment/profile Functional assessment/profile Design guide Design guide Document current conditions Document current conditions Long range facility plans Long range facility plans Multi-year capital plan (prioritization) Multi-year capital plan (prioritization) Yearly revisions to long range facility plans and capital plan Yearly revisions to long range facility plans and capital plan On-going maintenance and oversight On-going maintenance and oversight

23. Implementation and Supervision Implementation and Supervision What are issues to consider at implementation and supervision stage when it comes to court facilities components?

24. Implementation: Initial Phase Staffing Requirements Space Standards Existing Facilities Operational Alternatives Facility Alternatives Judges Court Administrators Court Consultants Develop staffing requirements Develop space standards Assess existing facilities Examine operational alternatives Examine facility alternatives Initial Phase

25. Implementation: Initial Phase Staffing Requirements Space Standards Existing Facilities Operational Alternatives Facility Alternatives Judges Court Administrators Court Consultants Staffing requirements Analyze current workload Forecast future workload Evaluate current number of staff positions Forecast future staff positions Initial Phase

26. Implementation: Initial Phase Staffing Requirements Space Standards Existing Facilities Operational Alternatives Facility Alternatives Judges Court Administrators Court Consultants Space standards New courthouses in other countries NCSC design guide Design guides from  US Federal Courts  UK  Ireland  Macedonia  Romania Develop customized standards Initial Phase

27. Implementation: Initial Phase Staffing Requirements Space Standards Existing Facilities Operational Alternatives Facility Alternatives Judges Court Administrators Court Consultants Assess existing facilities Building location, size and configuration Potential for adaptation and expansion Code compliance Structural, mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems condition Life expectancy Courthouse security ADA requirements Energy efficiency Parking Image/aesthetics Initial Phase

28. Implementation: Initial Phase Staffing Requirements Space Standards Existing Facilities Operational Alternatives Facility Alternatives Judges Court Administrators Court Consultants Facility alternatives Renovate and expand existing courthouse Renovate existing facilities and construct new satellite courthouse Build an all-new facility Develop project phasing plan Develop long-range strategic plan Examine site alternatives Initial Phase

29. Supervision Task team composition Task team composition  Technical specialist  Environmental specialist  Safeguards Proactive in procurement Proactive in procurement Time and travel – site visits Time and travel – site visits Reporting Reporting  Tracking tables  Quality assessments

30. Evaluation Evaluation How do you evaluate court facility components as part of World Bank justice reform projects?

31. Evaluation Tied to project development objective Tied to project development objective  Impact evaluation the same Court user surveys Court user surveys  Setting benchmarks Evaluate outputs Evaluate outputs  On time/on budget  Quality of work  Quantity of new space  Modern design

32. Simple to Ornate Old to New

33. San Luis Indigenous Court

34. San Jose JP Court

35. Office Interior Libertidad

36. Azerbaijan Courthouse Designs

37. Azerbaijan Courthouse Interiors

38. Some criticism So what do you think is there to be criticized when it comes to having court facility components in World Bank justice reform projects?

39. Some criticism Why is there an infrastructure component in a public sector project? Client’s request Client’s request Borrow for buildings rather than technical assistance Brick and mortar rather than change Staff incentives Staff incentives Increases project volume Suspicion: supply driven, easy to implement, not politically challenging

40. Some Useful Websites Use and impact of technologies in the legal system Use and impact of technologies in the legal system Courtroom21 Technology Project at the College of William and Mary www.courtroom21.net Courtroom21 Technology Project at the College of William and Mary www.courtroom21.net www.courtroom21.net Functional Design Functional Design International Centre for Facilities www.icf- cebe.com International Centre for Facilities www.icf- cebe.comwww.icf- cebe.comwww.icf- cebe.com Standards, reference documents, etc. Whole Building Design Guide www.wbdg.orgwww.wbdg.org The National Center for State Courts www.ncsconline.org www.ncsconline.org Americans with Disabilities Act www.ada.govwww.ada.gov US Federal Courts www.uscourts.gov www.uscourts.gov

41. Thank you!