1. CHEMISTRY & BIOCHEMISTRY HONOURS STUDENTS January 2011
LIBRARY TRAINING: SCIENCES LIBRARIAN PORTAL LIBRARY CATALOGUE, STEPS IN ONLINE SEARCHING, SERCHING TECHNIQUES, ELECTRONIC DATABASES & REFERENCE TECHNIQUES
CHEMISTRY & BIOCHEMISTRY HONOURS STUDENTS
January 2011

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE Library orientation
- Library Support to Honours & Masters Students
- Library Webpage
- Library Catalogue (incl. NEW Dewey System for books)
- Sciences Librarian Portal
2. Steps in online searching
3. Searching techniques
Electronic Databases & Internet
Reference Techniques
Conclusion

3. Library Support to Honours & Masters Students
Subject Librarian Help with Training, Queries & Searches
Course Reserves (books/articles on Reserve)
MyUJLink (your library account)
Inter Campus Loan (borrow books from other Campus)
Inter Library Loan (Borrow books from other Libraries)(Masters)
Letter of Introduction to Other University Libraries (Masters)
Access to Library Resources with a library PIN
REMOTE ACCESS to Library Resources (Databases)
Managing your Literature references (RefWorks)
Plagiarism: How to avoid it?
Citing and Referencing
Literature Review; Submitting T & D; How to get Published

4. LIBRARY WEBSITE: http://www. uj. ac
LIBRARY WEBSITE: SCIENCES LIBRARIAN PORTAL:

5. LIBRARY CATALOGUE: UJLink http://ujlink.uj.ac.za/

6. New Classification System for Books: Dewey 540 Chemistry & Allied Sciences

7. New Classification System for Books: Dewey 570 Life Sciences

8. New Classification System for Books: Dewey 580 Botanical & 590 Zoological Sciences

9. Chemistry Subject Portal http://ujsciencelibrarian. pbworks

10. Biochemistry Subject Portal http://ujsciencelibrarian. pbworks

11. Log-in to the Library Resources: PIN

12. STEPS IN ONLINE SEARCHING
Step 1. Identify your topic
Step 2. Identify the main terms or keywords
Step 3. Combine terms by using Boolean Operators
Step 4. Locate and access the Library Resources
Step 5. Select an appropriate source
Step 6. Ongoing evaluation of the search results
Step 7. Refine your search
Step 8. Gather citations for your sources
Step 9. Stop searching and start writing

13. STEP 1 IDENTIFY YOUR TOPIC
Narrow your topic
- Look up your topic in general and specialised subject encyclopedias.
Write down your topic
- Develop several questions that you plan to answer in your paper or speech. This is an important step because your questions will become topic sentences for your outline.

14. STEP 2 IDENTIFY THE MAIN TERMS OR KEYWORDS
Brainstorm for a list of search terms/ keywords
Think of words and phrases related to your topic. Consider broader and narrower terms, and synonyms (words that have the same meaning).
Look up these terms in dictionaries and thesaurus. You may want to look them up in subject specific dictionaries and encyclopedias.
Establish logical relationship between the keywords, by making use of different Searching techniques (AND, OR)
Are there any specific names (authors, geographical locations, etc.) that would focus my search?

15. MAKE USE OF THE THESAURUS
Keyword searching is not always the most effective or efficient approach. Different authors use different words to describe the same concept or topic. Trying to think of all the possible ways a concept could be expressed by different people takes much mental effort, and chances are that you'll still miss a few.
Instead, let the database itself help you. Most databases have a Thesaurus with lists of selected words or phrases. Known as "controlled vocabulary," it is used to describe concepts. The single word or phrase listed in the Thesaurus can replace all the words you might try to think of yourself.

16. STEP 3 COMBINE TERMS BY USING : BOOLEAN OPERATORS
When searching the UJ Library Catalogue, the Databases or the Internet websites, using Boolean Operators helps you broaden or narrow your search and its results.
- AND narrows your search,
- OR broadens your search, and
- NOT excludes certain terms
Use truncation symbols (usually ? or *) to capture all forms of words (e.g., educat? will retrieve education, educating, and educators).

17. STEP 4 LOCATE AND ACCESS THE LIBRARY RESOURCES
Go to: UJ Library webpage (
Click on: Subject Collections
Then select: Science Librarian Portal or go directly to:
Most databases can be accessed remotely (from home).
Click on: UJLink (
To search for the print collections in the library, and also to search simultaneously multiple resources (print AND electronic)

18. STEP 5 SELECT AN APPROPRIATE SOURCE
For background, basic information consider:
- UJ Library catalogue: to search for print general and subject specific encyclopedias, handbooks, and other reference books.
- Databases: to search for electronic reference works, such as: Oxford Reference Online, Oxford English Dictionary, Combined Chemical Dictionary, AccessScience (McGraw), Encyclopedia of Energy,

19. STEP 5 SELECT AN APPROPRIATE SOURCE
Find books for overviews, retrospective, and historical information
- UJ Library Catalogue – search for books, government documents, historical information, rare-books collections, etc.
- Databases – to search for electronic books and electronic retrospective information (JSTOR, etc.)

20. STEP 5 SELECT AN APPROPRIATE SOURCE
Find Current Information
- For current information consider the use of the Electronic Bibliographic and Full-text databases available in the library
- Additional search from Internet:
Consider searching selected Internet websites, such as: Google Scholar; Scirus; etc.

21. STEP 6 ONGOING EVALUATION OF THE SEARCH RESULTS
Evaluation determines how effectively and efficiently the information need was satisfied.
Evaluate the sources you’ve found, paying attention to their relevance, purpose, value, accuracy, and authors’ credibility.
Remember that Internet sources should also be evaluated for bias and inaccuracies, and you should pay attention to whether the sites present facts or opinions.
As you start to create an outline of your project or paper, note areas where you need more information.

22. STEP 7 REFINE YOUR SEARCH
You need to be prepared for unexpected search results (too much or too little information retrieved)
If your search did not yield enough results, try searching a broader terms. If your search yield too many results, use narrow terms. Make sure you are using Boolean operators correctly
Use alternative keywords (synonyms)
Try different databases
As a rough guide, find twice as many sources as your lecturer requires. For example, if your lecturer asks you to find 5 items, aim for 10. This allows you to choose from plenty of sources rather than being stuck with too few or relying on an incomplete collection of sources

23. STEP 8 GATHER CITATIONS FOR YOUR SOURCES
As you’re doing research, you should write down the bibliographic information (author, title, publisher, date of publication, etc.). This will enable you to be prepared to create a “Bibliography” , “References” or “Works Cited” list. Use RefWoks.
In books, you’ll find this information collected on a “title page,” one of the first few pages. Online journals print this information at the top/bottom of the page. Print journals usually have this information on their covers.
Web pages are inconsistent about this information, so ask for help if you have trouble locating it.

24. STEP 9 STOP SEARCHING AND START WRITING
How do you know when you have enough information?
This is hard to judge, but you need to do more research if you still have questions about what you’re reading or if there are names and ideas that you’re not sure about.
Once you have all the information you have gathered it is time to start writing
If you still experience problems, contact your Subject Librarian for assistance

25. SEARCHING TECHNIQUES
SEARCH STRATEGY
Understand what is required
Identify the concepts
Translate the concepts into keywords
BOOLEAN OPERATORS ( AND, OR , NOT)
TRUNCATION ( * )
WILDCARD CHARACTER ( ? )
PHRASE SEARCH ( “ “ )
USE OF PARENTHESIS ( )

26. BOOLEAN OPERATORS: AND, OR , NOT
DEFINITIONS OF BOOLEAN OPERATORS
Boolean operators are the words used to group, combine, or intersect terms when searching databases. Boolean operators provide a way to tell a computer how to combine your keywords/ terms. In other words, they refer to the logical relationship among search terms.
The operators used more frequently are AND & OR and not so frequently NOT. They are used to combine search terms to broaden or narrow the results of a search.
OR is more, AND is less.

27. AND means "I want only documents that contain both words."
BOOLEAN OPERATOR: AND
Using AND tells the database to look for all the words on either side of the AND. Thus, a search for "success AND adult learners AND distance education" would retrieve only records in which every one of the terms appears.
The more words you connect with AND, the fewer records the database will retrieve.
AND means "I want only documents that contain both words."

28. BOOLEAN OPERATOR: OR OR
The more terms or concepts we combine in a search with OR logic, the more records we will retrieve.
Using OR tells the database to look for any one of the words on either side of the OR.
Thus, a search for "success OR achievement OR progress OR goals" would retrieve records in which any one of the terms appears.
OR means "I want documents that contain either word; I don't care which word."

29. BOOLEAN OPERATOR: NOT
Although NOT is considered a connector, it probably should be called
"The Eliminator." Use it very carefully, as it excludes any terms that follow it.
You may end up losing valuable information when you use NOT.
NOT logic is used to exclude a particular concept/term. We retrieve only records in which ONLY ONE of the terms is present.

30. TRUNCATION ( * )
After identifying all the possible relevant search terms, decide whether you are going to use Truncation to EXTEND the search strategy.
Truncation may be used to restrict the search to WORD STEM ( right truncation)
Chemi* will retrieve information on chemistry, chemical, chemist, etc.

31. WILDCARD CHARACTER ( ? )
Wildcard can be helpful when you are unsure of the correct spelling of a word.
A wildcard is the insertion of a question mark symbol in place of a letter that you do not know.
wom?n will search for both women and woman
Use wildcard to retrieve words that are used differently in American and English languages.
organi?ation will find organiSation and organiZation

32. “analytical chemistry” ;
PHRASE SEARCHING (“ ”)
Phrase searching, use the quotation marks to search for results that contained those words together, rather than search for all instances of each separate word:
“analytical chemistry” ;
“South Africa”
“molecular genetics”

33. USE OF PARENTHESIS ( )
The use of parenthesis is very important in the grouping of search terms, not only for clarity on search terms representing the same concept, but also for instructing the computer in WHAT ORDER the search should be executed.
(libraries OR archives) AND future
The word future will be combined with both terms before creating the final set

34. ELECTRONIC DATABASES & INTERNET
Difference between Bibliographic & Full-text databases
Bibliographic databases & the Research plan
How to find FULL-TEXT journals in the library
Electronic Databases (Bibliographic & Full-text)
How to search the electronic databases for articles/references

35. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND FULL-TEXT DATABASES
Bibliographic Database
A bibliographic database is an online database that lists sources of information and describes the information, but that does not include the text of the information itself. It contains only references to various types of documents such as journal articles, books, conference papers and reports.
Full-text database
A full-text database holds the complete text of original sources. The user can read the article, print, or download a copy.
NOTE:
Full-text databases also provides access to abstracts only (Some journals have Publishers restrictions for displaying the full-text articles)

36. HOW A BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE SEARCH FITS INTO THE RESEARCH PLAN
A search of a bibliographic database is the first step in investigating a new research area or refining a research project.
Surveying the previous research enables you to pinpoint topics for further research or replication of that research.
You can also use a search to locate general articles and books on your topic to broaden your understanding of it and to learn about recent developments.
After your research is complete, you can use a bibliographic search as an efficient way to find articles on your topic that were published since your initial search, in order to incorporate these recent findings into your report.
Once references are retrieved from a bibliographic databases, you need to try and find the full-text articles.

37. Search for Journals & Journal Articles

38. 1. UJLink: Library Catalogue (http://ujlink.uj.ac.za/)
Your Library Account
Search for Print & Online Journals & Books
List of Databases

39. 2. Case: A-to-Z Journals How to Find Online Journals/Books
Type the title
Result List

40. 3. Open Science Directory: Freely available scholarly journals

41. 4. Journal Titles: Abbreviations
If you have an Abbreviated Journal Title:
- Find the full journal title before conducting a search
- Links to useful websites are available on the Biochemistry Subject Portal
- OR just Google the abbreviated title

42. 5. Google Scholar (Academic articles) (http://scholar.google.com)

43. MULTIDISCIPLINARY DATABASES
Academic OneFile (Infotrac)
Academic Search Complete (EbscoHost)
Sciences Citation index: ISI
JSTOR (Retrospective database, 3-5 years back file)
SA E-publications ( South African journals)
Science Direct ( Elsevier journals)
Science Online Magazine (full-text)
Springer Link (Springer and Kluwer journals)
Wiley Online Library

45. Science Direct Database (full-text, 1995+)

46. Science Direct: Search Results

47. Select from Export Format: Click on:
Export citations
Select from Export Format:
Click on:
Need more information on RefWorks?

48. SCIENCE DIRECT FEATURES: Full Abstracts; Sort by Relevance/Data; View Related Articles; Search Feeds; Search within Results; Full-text options; Diagrams and formulas

49. SCIENCE DIRECT FEATURE: Graphical Abstracts in Chemistry Journals
SCIENCE DIRECT FEATURE: Graphical Abstracts in Chemistry Journals. They are usually images of structures or reactions

50. WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY (full-text, 1997+)

51. SPRINGER LINK DATABASE

52. SUBJECTS BIBLIOGRAPHIC & FULL-TEXT DATABASES
Chemistry & Biochemistry
Analytical Abstracts (Bibl.)
ACS (American Chemical Society) (full-text)
CSD (Cambridge Structural Database) (C Lab)
Combined Chemical Dictionary (Dictionary of Organic Compounds; Dictionary of Natural Products; Dictionary of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds; Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents; Dictionary of Analytical Reagents)
Reaxys ( Formerly: Gmelin / Beilstein (with structures) NEW!
Handbook of Chemistry & Physics (CD-Rom, Library)
ICSD (Inorganic Crystal Structural Database)(C Lab)
International Tables of Crystallography
RSC (Royal Society of Chemistry) (full-text)
SciFinder Scholar (Bibl.)(at the Departments & Library)
Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (CD-Rom, Library)

54. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (ACS): FEATURES Quick Article Search Screen & Advanced Article Search: Search per Title, Author, Abstract, Anywhere in article; DOI (Digital Object Identifier), Sort Results by: Date, Relevance, Journal; HTML & PDF full-text; Feedback; Search Tips; /Export to RefWorks results; Search Chemical & Engineering News Online; Alerts & RSS Feeds; ACS News & Announcements;

56. RSC: Royal Society of Chemistry

58. SCIFINDER SCHOLAR DATABASE Chemical Abstracts Online
With one single source, you can explore scientific information in journals and patent literature from around the world:
- References from more than 10,000 currently published journals and patents from more than 50 active patent issuing authorities
- Important scientific discoveries from the present to the mid-1800s
- The latest scientific breakthroughs almost as soon as they are published with references added daily and some patent information as recent as two days ago
- The world's largest collection of organic and inorganic substance information  

59. SCIFINDER SCHOLAR

60. SCIFINDER SCHOLAR: Author Search

61. CSD: Cambridge Structural Database: Search options C2Lab315
DRAW: Click & drag to create a bond. Drag to an existing ATOM to make a connection
PEPTIDE: Select residues to add them to your peptide sequence. Build variable residues using the construct button. Click right-hand mouse button over an item in the sequence to modify properties.
AUTHOR/JOURNAL: Search for Author (e.g. F.H. Allen, O’Harra) OR Journal title (select from a list)
NAME/CLASS: Search for Compound name OR Chemical class (assign to some categories)
ELEMENTS: Type-in Element, e.g. CH Se or select from a Table
FORMULA: Type-in Formula OR select from a Table
SPACE GROUP: Enter full OR partial space group, Symbol OR Number, OR pitch from list
UNIT CELL: Do you want to search on reduced cell?
Z/DENSITY: NEW!
EXPERIMENTAL: NEW!
ALL TEXT: Text search. You can either select from a list OR enter in the box your terms. You can type Partial OR Complete word (s).
REFCODE (ENTRY ID): Search for Refcodes
HELP MENU: Tutorials are available for further assistance

62. CSD DATABASE FEATURES: Draw a Chemical Structure; Search for Structure; Searches only Organic and Organometallic compounds; Links to Web and Cross referencing;

63. CSD DATABASE FEATURES:TUTORIALS Basic Substructure Search; Search with 2D Constraints; 3D Substructure Search, Search for Non-bonded Interactions, Defining an Saving Geometric Parameters, Cell parameters Search; Pharmacophore Search

65. ICSD: INORGANIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DATABASE C2Lab315
Search for: Elements from the Periodical Table; The Crystal data, The Reduced Cell, The Symmetry OR The References

66. Database information for the record selected
If you are searching for an Element from the Periodical Table, this is the
RESULT Search screen
Database information for the record selected

68. International Tables of Crystallography (through SpringerLink database)

69. RESEARCH DATABASES
Africa-Wide NIPAD ( incl. Current & Completed Research in SA)
Journal Citation Report (JCR)
NEXUS (Current & Completed Research in SA)
Sabinet Online (Current & Completed Research, Accredited SA journals, Government Gazette)
UJ E-Thesis’s & Dissertations – electronic access to UJ research

70. SEARCH FOR JOURNALS IMPACT FACTOR PER: SUBJECT, PUBLISHER OR COUNTRY
JOURNAL CITATION REPORT JCR is comprehensive and unique resource that allows you to evaluate and compare journals using citation data
SEARCH FOR JOURNALS IMPACT FACTOR PER:
SUBJECT, PUBLISHER OR COUNTRY

71. RefWorks An online research management, writing and collaboration tool --  to help researchers easily gather, manage, store and share all types of information, as well as generate citations and bibliographies

72. GOOGLE SCHOLAR: http://scholar. google
GOOGLE SCHOLAR: Basic & Advanced search screen; Search for Author, Publication, Date range. Under Preferences – Export to RefWorks option; View Recent articles (2003+); Cited by; Related articles; Full-text – available

73. SCIRUS: http://www. scirus
SCIRUS: Basic & Advanced Search screen; Refine option by selected keywords; View only articles, web sources or other sources options; Search Preferences.

74. CHEMWEB.COM provides access to the information chemists need to enhance their research, product development, self-development, education, and/or their businesses in Chemistry and related disciplines

75. Online Books & Reference works Full-text Online Books Portal:

76. UJ Theses & Dissertations UJ Institutional repositories

77. REFERENCE TECHNIQUES
To access full Reference Techniques document, go to the Library main page:
Click on: Reference Techniques OR
Consult the reference techniques from
“FEBS JOURNAL”
Available via Wiley Online database

78. REFERENCE TECHNIQUES: TERMINOLOGY
Citation: recognizing resources in-text (to support an “argument”/conclusion)
Reference list: List of resources used – bibliographic details
Bibliography: list of relevant documents – used and additional reading material

79. REFERENCE TECHNIQUES
Avoid Plagiarism by:
Keeping a record of all the sources - books, s, lectures (when, who, what?)
Linking own ideas with that obtained from sources
Collecting/using a wide range of sources
Acknowledge, acknowledge, acknowledge!

80. Basic in-text referencing (citing)
In-text reference where the author of the source is known
Simply use whatever you used as author in the reference, as well as the year of publication. Always insert the page number where possible.
Examples:
…the result of this is a “technical super identity” (Erikson, 1967:20).
Azar and Martin (1999) found that… (As part of the sentence)
…thus Cox (1966:52) refers to the modern urbanite as…
In-text reference to more than one source:
In-text reference to more than one author should be ordered alphabetically.
More recent studies (Bartlett, 1992; James, 1998) show that…
The researchers (Bartlett, 1992:54; Brown, 1876:56; James, 1998:45) refer to…

81. GENERAL FORMS FOR REFERENCE LISTS
Non-periodical
Author, A.A. (1994). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Non-periodicals include items published separately: books, reports,brochures, certain monographs, manuals, and audiovisual media.
Part of a Non-periodical
Author, A.A. & Author, B.B. (1994). Title of chapter. In Title of book. Edited by Editor, A., Editor, B. & Editor, C. Location: Publisher.
Periodical
Author, A.A., Author, B.B. & Author, C.C. (1994). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx:xxx-xxxx. (Volume/Issue number/Pages)
Periodicals include items published on a regular basis: journals, magazines, scholarly newsletters, etc.
Online periodical
Author, A.A., Author, B.B. & Author, C.C. (2000). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx:xxx-xxxx. (Volume/Issue number/Pages) Available from: web address (Accessed day Month year).
Online document
Author, A.A. (2000). Title of work. Available from: web address (Accessed day Month year).

82. Access this Glogster poster for quick way to learn about “Writing a Research Paper”

84. Robert E. Maizell, chemical information consultant
CONCLUSION
"Searching the literature, reading, and thinking are cheaper and faster than experimenting.“
Robert E. Maizell, chemical information consultant
QUESTIONS