1. UNICELLULAR MARINE ORGANISMS
Chapter 4 (pg 81-83)

2. Kingdom Protista Euglena - has animal – like characteristics
- has plant – like characteristics

3. CLASSIFICATION Carolus Linnaeus Current classification system
Groups organisms according to similarities in structure
Taxonomy
Divided plant and animals into smaller groups
K-P-C-O-F-G-S

4. Balaenoptera musculus (Blue whale)
Genus - Species
Each organism is given a two-part scientific name
Balaenoptera musculus (Blue whale)

5. Carcharhinus leucas
(Bull shark)
Lima scabra
(flame scallop)

6. The Five-Kingdom System
Many new organisms have been discovered since Linnaeus
Some scientists use the 5 kingdom system however others use a 6 kingdom system
Monera is split into two kingdoms
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria

7. Kingdom Monera -Bacteria and blue-green bacteria
-Unicellular prokaryotes
-Most ancient organisms on Earth

8. Kingdom Protista Most are unicellular Some are colonial
Heterotrophic and autotrophic eukaryotes
Made up of mainly of protozoa and algae

9. Kingdom Fungi Unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes Heterotrophic
Decomposers
Have cell wall (similar to plants)
No chlorophyll

10. Kingdom PLantae Multicellular eukaryotes Autotrophic
Have a cell wall, vacuole, and choloplast

11. Homarus americanus (Maine lobster) Kingdom Animalia
Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophic
Lack cell wall and chloroplast
Most are motile
Classified into two groups:
Invertebrates
vertebrates
Homarus americanus
(Maine lobster)

12. CHAPTER 5(pg )
THE MICROBIAL WORLD
PROKAROTES

13. K. Monera Decay Bacteria Cyanobacteria Magnetic Bacteria
Sulfur Bacteria
Cyanobacteria
Oscillatoria
Trichodesmium
Vibrio fischeri

14. BACTERIA Most organisms on Earth. Widely distributed in the ocean.
Three basic shapes observed under a scope:
Cocci – round
Bacillus – rod-shaped
Spirillum - spiral

15. Decay Bacteria
Break down organic matter into smaller molecules which are released into the water.
Phosphates, nitrates, and sulfates are used as nutrients by different bacteria and other organisms.
Most abundant in bottom sediments.
Some attach to dead matter and secrete special chemicals (extracellular digestion).
Thrive in warm, moist, dark areas that are rich in food.

17. Decay Bacteria, cont’d Magnetic Bacteria (MTB)
Found in saltwater/freshwater marshes.
Contain iron oxide crystals that behave like a magnet.
Cling to iron deposits in marshes and feed on dead matter in sediments.

18. Decay Bacteria, cont’d Sulfur Bacteria Found in marine mud.
Use hydrogen sulfide to make sugar from carbon dioxide and water.
Hydrothermal vents are a common habitat.
Chemosynthesis: process in which organisms derive energy from chemicals

19. Blue-Green Bacteria (Cyanobacteria)
Only moneran that is photosynthetic.
Most have green and blue pigment.
Oscillatoria: has a red pigment – phycoerythrin
In shallow waters produces a red color
Could be the reason for the name of the Red Sea

21. Blue-Green Bacteria (Cyanobacteria), cont’d
Found throughout the ocean
Some live attached to rocks in the splash zone.
Some secrete toxic chemicals that can cause a rash.

22. Trichodesmium Filamentous colonies Visible to the naked eye
“sea sawdust”
Multiply rapidly in warm waters
Prolific nitrogen-fixers – harness ½ of the nitrogen passing through oceanic food chains

23. Vibrio fischeri Rod-shaped bacteria
Creates bioluminescence in their host
Other Vibrio species (not luminescent) cause cholera #1

24. Eyelightfish

25. K. Protista Phylum Chrysophyta (golden algae)
Thalassiosira
Navicula
Phylum Pyrrophyta (fire algae)
Noctiluca
Gymnodinium
Gonyaulax

26. Phylum Chrysophyta (Diatoms)
Most common organisms found in the ocean.
Phytoplankton
Encrusting diatoms lived attached to solid substrates.
Contain chlorophyll.
Transparent cell wall made up of silica.
Location of chloroplast to cell wall increases the rate of photosynthesis.

27. Diatom Diversity >25,000 species Most inhabit cold waters.
Classified according to shape.
Centric, pennate, chain-linked

28. Thalassiosira
Navicula

29. Diatom Reproduction Asexual Sexual Divides to form two new cells.
Two halves of the shell overlap (frustule).
During reproduction the frustule separates.
Sexual
Develops into a male or female cell.
Sperm fertilizes egg.

30. Beneficial Uses of Diatoms
Diatomaceous earth
Filter material for aquariums and swimming pools
Purify drinking water
Algal Bloom
Brown tide
New York 1980s
800,000 in 1 mL
Devastated scallop industry

32. Phylum Pyrrophya (Dinoflagellates)
Have two flagella to aid in locomotion
Have chloroplasts and are photosynthetic
Use eyespots to move toward light
Can take in food (heterotrophic)
Cell walls made of cellulose (not as transparent)

33. Noctiluca (night light)

34. Gymnodinium (red tide)

35. Gonyaulax (red tide)