1. Khaled A. Al-Utaibi alutaibi@uoh.edu.sa

2.  What is Arduino?  Arduino Boards  Arduino Shields  Arduino Uno Hardware

3.  Arduino is a single-board open-source platform for building electronic projects

4.  Arduino consists of two components: − (1) a physical programmable circuit board designed around an Atmel microcontroller, and − (2) an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) which is used to write the code on a computer, and then upload it to the physical board.

5.  Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) to load new code onto the board – you can simply use a USB cable.

6.  Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program.

7.  Arduino provides many alternative boards.  These boards vary in the following aspects: − the microcontroller type, − The microcontroller speed (frequency) − the physical size, − the number of input and output pins, − the memory space for programs, and − the board price.

8.  Examples of Ardunio boards include: Arduino UnoArduino LeonardoArduino Due Arduino MicroArduino Mega 2560Arduino Nano

9. a quick comparison between the characteristics of some Arduino boards

10.  We can add functionality to an Arduino board by attaching shields.  A shield is a circuit board that connects via pins to the sockets on the sides of an Arduino.  Hundreds of shields are available on the market.  Examples of these shields include: − GSM Shield − Ethernet Shield − WiFi Shield

11.  The GSM Shield with a SIM card allows an Arduino board to connect to the internet, make/receive voice calls and send/receive SMS messages.

12.  The Ethernet Shield allows an Arduino board to connect to the internet. It provides a network (IP) stack capable of both TCP and UDP.

13.  The WiFi Shield allows an Arduino board to connect to the internet using the 802.11 wireless specification (WiFi). It provides a network (IP) stack capable of both TCP and UDP.

14.  The kit includes Arduino UNO board and a selection of the most common electronic components with a book of 15 projects.

20.  The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328.  It has the following main parts: − an ATmega382 microcontroller, − a 16MHz clock, − 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), − 6 analog inputs, − an ICSP header, − a USB connection, − a power jack − a reset button, and − on board LEDs

21. Reset Button USB Connector Serial to USB Circuit Power Jack Power Pins Analog Inputs ATMega 328 MCU MCU Prog. Connector (ICSP) Digital I/O Debug LED

22.  The Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector connects the board to a computer for three reasons: − (1) to supply power to the board − (2) to upload code to the Arduino − (3) to send data to and receive it from a computer.  The Power Connector is used to power the Arduino with a standard mains power adapter.

23.  The microcontroller is a special type of processors that … − includes various types of memory to hold data and programs, − executes instructions, and − provides various means of sending and receiving data.

24.  This row of pins offers power connections and the ability to use an external RESET button.  The power pins are as follows: − VIN: This pin is used to receive input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source. − 5V:This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. − 3.3V: This pin outputs a regulated 3.3V from the regulator on the board. − GND. This pin provides the Ground signal. − IOREF: This pin on the Arduino board provides the voltage reference with which the microcontroller operates.

25.  This row of pins offers six analog inputs that are used to measure electrical signals that vary in voltage.  Furthermore, pins A4 and A5 can also be used for sending data to and receiving it from other devices.

26.  Pins numbered 0 to 13 are digital input/output (I/O) pins.  Pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX) are also known as the serial port, which is used to send and receive serial data to other devices.  The pins labeled with a tilde (~) can also generate a varying electrical signal (PWM).