1. Electricity Supply in Alaska Frank Abegg, PE Fairbanks, Alaska April 2006 Frank Abegg, PE Fairbanks, Alaska April 2006

2. `` Utilities 1,778 MW Industry 822 MW Defense 181 MW Total2,781 MW Utilities 1,778 MW Industry 822 MW Defense 181 MW Total2,781 MW Alaska’s Electric Generating Capacity

3. Alaska’s Electric Capacity Utility & Non-Utility `

4. Installed Electric Utility Capacity (1960 - 1995)

5. Types of Power Generating Facilities in Alaska `

6. Alaska Electric Utilities Map

7. Utility Power Output - 1995 (GWH/Year) RegionHydroOilGasCoalTotal Southcentral 843 532,605 -3,501 Southeast 614 101 - - 715 Yukon - 193 - 309 502 Arctic-NW - 106 55 - 161 Southwest 2 137 - - 139 Total 1,459 5902,660 3095,018 % Mix29%12%53%6%

8. Electric Supply Alternatives for Industry in Alaska On Site Generation –Central Power Plant –Cogeneration Option (Heat and Power) Electric Utility Transmission Grid

9. Electric Transmission Grid in Southcentral & Interior

10. Electric Transmission Grid in Southeast

11. Electric Utility Grid Connection Distribution Tap ( 4 MW Load) –12 kV Line ~ $75,000 to $100,000/mile Transmission Tap (up to 40 MW) –69 kV Line~ $250,000 to $300,000/mile Construction Time: Up to 5 years Permits: Right-of-Way (EA or EIS) Low Cost Financing ($/kWh)

12. Anchorage & Fairbanks$0.11/kWh Juneau$0.10/kWh Nome$0.15/kWh Tok$0.23/kWh Ft. Yukon$0.28/kWh McGrath$0.36/kWh Electric Utility Commercial Power Cost

13. On-Site Power Options –Combustion Turbines –Steam Turbines –Alternative Energy Wind, Hydro –Emerging Technology Fuel Cells, Micro-Turbines –Diesels

14. 2,000 kW Diesel Trailer Module

15. 3,600 kW Diesel Generator

16. Diesel Power Plant Installation Cost = $200 to $400/kW Operation & Maintenance Fuel Options - Natural Gas or Fuel Oil Fuel Use = up to 16 kWh per gallon Heat Recovery Option Permitting = General Permit or… –PSD & BACT Possible (1- 2 years minimum) Size = 5 kW to 10,000 kW

17. Combustion Turbine with Cogeneration (Heat and Power)

18. Combustion Turbine Plant Installed Cost: $700 to $1,200/kW Operation & Maintenance Fuel: Natural Gas to Heavy Oil Fuel Use: Up to 13 kWh/gallon Cogeneration & Comb. Cycle Option Permitting: Construction & Operating –PSD & BACT Required (2 years) Size = 3 MW to 90 MW

19. Steam Turbines

20. Steam Turbine Plant Installed Cost: $1,500 to $4,000/kW Operation & Maintenance Fuel: Solid, Liquid, Gas Cogeneration: Up to 70% Efficient Permits: Construction & Operating –PSD and BACT Required (1-2 years) Size Range = 3 MW to 200 MW

21. Alternative Energy - Wind

23. Installed Cost ~ $2,500/kW Operation & Maintenance Avg. Output: 25% of Rated Capacity Wind/Diesel Hybrid Option Site Wind ~ 15 mph (Average)

24. Cooper Lake Dam

25. Alternative Energy - Hydro Cost: $3,000 to $5,000/kW –Bradley Lake 120 MW @ $385 million –Old Harbor 500 kW @ $ 2.5 million Available Watershed –Mountain Lake (High Head) –River (Low Head) Permits: FERC Licensing

26. Emerging Technology - Fuel Cells

27. Emerging Technologies - Fuel Cells Commercial Size ~ Up to 250 kW Installed Cost = $5,000/kW Operation and Maintenance Fuel: Natural Gas Cogeneration: Up to 60% Efficient Expected Operating Life ~ 50,000+ hours

28. Capstan 30 kW Micro Turbine

29. Emerging Technologies – Micro Turbines Commercial Size ~ Up to 30 kW Installed Cost ~ $3,500/kW Operation and Maintenance Fuel: Natural Gas Efficiency: 25% Cogeneration: Up to 50% Efficient Expected Operating Life ~ 12,000+ hours

30. Power Supply Selection Process Plan Ahead: Permits & Construction Profile: Electricity and Heating Load Define Criteria: Reliability, Life, etc. Identify: Power Supply Alternatives Evaluate: Life Cycle Costs –Initial Investment, Cost of Capital –Fuel Supply, Operation & Maintenance Plan Ahead: Permits & Construction Profile: Electricity and Heating Load Define Criteria: Reliability, Life, etc. Identify: Power Supply Alternatives Evaluate: Life Cycle Costs –Initial Investment, Cost of Capital –Fuel Supply, Operation & Maintenance