1. Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
Section 1
Metals

2. Metals Review Located on left side of Periodic Table
Ductile, malleable, good conductors of heat & electricity
1-3 valence electrons – tend to lose electrons
Form ionic bonds
Most solids at room temperature (except)
Most reflect light = shiny = luster
Metals Review

3. Metallic Bonding Like a pot luck dinner
Metallic bonding is the special type of bonding with positive ions surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
Outer level electrons are not held tightly to the nucleus
Electrons move freely among the positively charge metallic ions
Metallic Bonding

4. Metallic Bonding Explains Metallic Properties
Ductile and malleable – metal doesn’t break because the ions are in layers that slide past each other without losing attraction to the electron cloud
Conduct electricity – outer level electrons weakly held and move freely
Metallic Bonding Explains Metallic Properties

5. Alkali Metals Group 1 metals – 1 valence electron
Softer than most metals
MOST REACTIVE of all metals
React violently with oxygen and water
Must be stored in unreactive oils
Do NOT occur in nature as elements – always in compounds
Alkali Metals

6. Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 metals – 2 valence electrons
Very reactive metals
Do NOT occur in nature as elements – always in compounds
Alkaline Earth Metals

7. Groups 3-12 are in transition between groups 1-2 and 13-18
1-3 valence electrons
Most familiar metals because they occur as elements in nature
Often form colorful compounds
Transition Elements

8. Inner Transition Metals
Lanthanides # 58-71
(follow lanthanum)
Actinides #90-103
(follow actinium)
all radioactive and unstable
Transuranium elements
elements beyond uranium # 92
all synthetic, all radioactive
Inner Transition Metals

9. Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
Section 2
Nonmetals

10. Nonmetals Review Located on right side of Periodic Table (except)
NOT ductile, NOT malleable
NOT good conductors of electricity and heat
5-7 valence electrons – tend to gain or share electrons. Form ionic or covalent bonds
Hydrogen can lose 1 or gain 1 electron
Most gases at room temperature
NOT shiny
Nonmetals Review

11. Halogens Group 17 7 valence electrons 4 nonmetals, 1 metalloid
Fluorine is the MOST chemically active of all elements
Halogens

12. The Noble Gases Group 18 8 valence electrons (except)
Chemically stable
Exist as isolated atoms
No naturally occurring compounds
The Noble Gases

13. Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
Section 3
Mixed Groups

14. Metalloids Located in the middle of Periodic Table along the staircase
3-7 valence electrons
Can form ionic or covalent bonds
Metallic and nonmetallic properties
Metalloids

15. Allotropes are different forms of the same element with different molecular structures.
Diamonds – each carbon bonded to 4 other carbons in tetrahedrons. Tight crystalline structures
Graphite – each carbon bonded to 3 other carbons in hexagonal layers. 4th electron of each carbon is loosely bonded to the next layer – layers slide past each other – pencils
Buckminsterfullerene – buckyball – carbons bonded in soccer ball shape – 1991 used to create nanotubes
Allotropes of Carbon

16. Synthetic Elements Synthetic elements are manmade elements.
All have 92+ protons except #43 and #61
Created by smashing existing elements with particles.
New elements disintegrate to form other elements
Studying how these elements form and how they disintegrate, scientists learn more about the forces holding atoms together.
Synthetic Elements