1. BY :DR.ISRAA OMAR

2.  COPD is a major global health problem.  Cigarette smoking is the main cause, and is increasing in the developing countries as a result of targeting by tobacco industry.  Air pollution, also etiologically important, is also increasing, and there is huge unmet need for effective treatment  Despite this COPD has been received relatively little attention compared to asthma

3.  Stop smoking slow the progression of COPD  Immunization against influenza and Pneumococci  Glucocorticoids are generally ineffective like in asthma  Short and long acting bronchodilators can provide useful palliation in patient with reversible component

4.  Theophylline can be given orally but of uncertain benefit  Doxapram (respiratory stimulant) are sometimes used to in patient who developed respiratory failure but have largely been replaced by ventilatory support  long term oxygen therapy at home prolong life in patient with sever disease and hypoxemia if they stop smoking only to avoid oxygen fire

5.  Treated with inhaled oxygen (24-28%)  Avoid giving high concentration of oxygen so not to terminate the hypoxic drive which will lead to CO2 retention  Broad spectrum antibiotics including activity against haemophilus influnzae

6. Thank you

7.  Rang and dale pharmacology