1. The Enlightenment BIG Idea: Philosophers of the 18 th century began to apply the scientific method to all human ideas and practices, especially politics.

2. Social Contract Theory People agree to give up some freedom in exchange for safety and order. My right to swing my fist ends where your face begins.

3. Describe this government.

4. Thomas Hobbes Wrote “Leviathan” People are violent and chaotic. Without absolute monarchy, life would be “nasty, brutish, and short.”

5. John Locke Empiricism: all knowledge comes from what we experience through our senses. People are reasonable, moral, and have natural rights including life, liberty, and property. Limited government to protect natural rights or be overthrown.

6. Montesquieu Believed in natural rights. Separation of governmental powers.

7. Voltaire “I do not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.” –Free Speech

8. Rousseau Anti-Enlightenment –Stressed emotion General will over individual rights –Social contract –Employed by democracy & fascism

9. Works Cited Crooke, Andrew. Frontispiece of Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan. 1651. Private collection, London. Web. 1 Nov. 2009. Elton John and Eminem. Private collection. Web. 1 Nov. 2009. Farah, Mounir A., and Andrea B. Karls. World History The Human Experience. New York: Glencoe/McGraw Hill, 1999. 521-30. Print. Government Tree. Private collection. Web. 1 Nov. 2009. Humpback Whale. Private collection. Web. 1 Nov. 2009. Killer Whales. Private collection. Web. 1 Nov. 2009. n0b0dy. Punch Out! Private collection. Web. 1 Nov. 2009. qjacker. Koala Punch Out. Private collection. Web. 1 Nov. 2009.

10. Activity: The Classroom Contract ELT: Give examples of how philosophical beliefs have influenced society. What’s the ideal social contract between teachers and students?