1. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Michael Hall Chapter 12 Drinking Responsibly: A Lifestyle Challenge On Campus

2. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Objectives  Summarize the alcohol use patterns of college students, and discuss overall trends in consumption.  Explain the physiological and behavioral effects of alcohol.  Learn practical strategies for drinking responsibly.  Explain the symptoms and causes of alcoholism, its cost to society, its and effects on the family.  Explain the treatment of alcoholism, including the family’s role, and varied treatment methods.

3. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Alcohol And College Students  Approximately 90 percent of college students consume alcohol  1/3 of college students are heavy drinkers  Rise in women’s alcohol consumption  College drinkers spend more on alcoholic beverages than on soft drinks and textbooks combined

4. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Reported Change in Alcohol use as a Result of Social Norms Campaigns Table 12.1

5. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Binge Drinking And College Students  Binge drinking – 5 drinks in a row for men, 4 drinks in a row for women on a single occasion  Harvard School of Public Health, 2002 44.4% of students were binge drinkers 22.8% were frequent drinkers (binge drink 3 or more times in a two week period) Frequent binge drinkers are 16 times more likely to miss class, 8 times more likely to get behind in their school work

6. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The Frequency and Effects of Binge-Drinking Among College Students Table 12.2

7. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The Chemical Makeup Of Alcohol  Ethyl alcohol or ethanol – the intoxicating substance  Fermentation – yeast organisms break down plant sugars, yielding ethanol and carbon dioxide  Distillation – alcohol vapors from the fermented mash are collected and mixed with water  Proof – measure of percentage of alcohol, the alcohol percentage is 50 percent of the given proof 100 proof vodka is 50 percent alcohol by volume

8. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Alcoholic Beverages and Their Alcohol Equivalencies Figure 12.2

9. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Psychological and Physical Effects of Various Blood-Alcohol Concentration Levels Table 12.3

10. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)  BAC – is the ratio of alcohol to total blood volume  Despite individual differences, alcohol produces some general behavioral effects depending on BAC  Learned behavioral tolerance – person learns to modify their behavior to appear sober despite a high BAC

11. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Absorption And Metabolism  Factors that influence how quickly body absorbs alcohol: Alcohol concentration in beverage Amount of alcohol consumed Amount of food in stomach Pylorspasm Mood Metabolism Weight Body Mass Index

12. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Approximate Blood Alcohol Concentration Based on Body Weight and Number of Drinks Figure 12.3

13. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ABC News: Alcohol Play Video Play Video | Alcohol

14. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ABC News: Alcohol Discussion Questions:  How did each of the three men differ when considering body size, past alcohol drinking patterns, food intake on the day of the competition and during the drinking bout, performance on the roadside sobriety test, and eventual blood alcohol content?  What was each man’s perception or judgment of how drunk he was at the end of the drinking competition?  Discuss situations when you have been drinking and thought that you were in control but may have had a high blood alcohol content. Can you safely trust your own judgment?

15. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Alcohol Poisoning  Death from alcohol poisoning can be caused by central nervous system and respiratory depression or inhalation of vomit or fluid into the lungs  Signs of alcohol poisoning: Unable to be aroused Weak, rapid pulse Unusual or irregular breathing pattern Cool, damp, pale, bluish skin Mental confusion Vomiting Seizures

16. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Women And Alcohol  Different body fat composition than men  Women have half the amount of alcohol hydrogenase, the enzyme that breaks down alcohol. If a woman and a man drink the same amount of alcohol, the woman will have a BAC that is 30% higher

17. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Immediate Effects  The primary action of alcohol is to depress the central nervous system  Diuretic – results in fluid being drawn out of cerebrospinal fluid and leads to mitochondrial dehydration  Alcohol irritates the gastrointestinal system  Hangover  Congeners – forms of alcohol that are metabolized slower than ethanol and more toxic  Drug interactions

18. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Long Term Effects  Effects on the nervous system  Cardiovascular effects Antithrombotic effect  Liver disease Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis  Cancer  Irritant to gastrointestinal system  Inflammation of the pancreas  Block absorption of calcium  Interferes with immunity

19. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Alcohol And Pregnancy  Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) – alcohol consumed during the first trimester may affect organ development, alcohol consumed during the last trimester may affect CNS development  Fetal alcohol effects (FAE) – children with a history of prenatal alcohol exposure but with fewer than the full physical or behavioral symptoms of FAS

20. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Drinking And Driving  Approximately 39% of traffic fatalities in 2004 were alcohol related  College Alcohol Study, 20% of nonbingers, 43% of occasional bingers, and 59% of frequent bingers reported driving while intoxicated

21. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Percentage of Fatally Injured Passenger Vehicle Drivers With BACs ≥0.08 Percent, by Driver Age Figure 12.4

22. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Alcohol Abuse And Alcoholism  Alcohol abuse – interferes with work, school, or social and family relationships or entails any violation of the law  Alcoholism – when personal and health problems related to alcohol use are severe and stopping alcohol use results in withdrawal symptoms

23. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The Causes Of Alcohol Abuse And Alcoholism  Biological and family factors Alcoholism is 4-5x more common among children of alcoholics  Social and cultural factors Social pressure Family attitude toward drinking

24. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Effects Of Alcoholism On The Family  Children in alcoholic dysfunctional families generally assume at least one of the following roles: Family hero Scapegoat Lost child Mascot

25. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Costs To Society  Half of all traffic accidents are attributable to alcohol  In 1998, alcohol related costs to society were $184.6 billion when health insurance, criminal justice costs, treatment costs, and lost productivity were factored in  Responsible for > 25% of nation’s medical costs and lost earnings  Every underage drinker costs society and average of $4,680 a year.

26. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Women And Alcoholism  Trend is for women, especially college-age women to drink more heavily  Women get addicted faster with less alcohol  Women alcoholics have death rates 50 to 100 percent higher than male-alcoholics  Only 14% of women who need treatment get it

27. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Recovery  The family’s role  Treatment programs Private treatment facilities Family therapy, individual therapy, and group therapy Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Al-Anon Alateen

28. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Relapse  Approximately 60 percent of alcoholics relapse within the first three months of treatment  A comprehensive approach is needed: drug therapy, group support, family therapy, and personal counseling designed to improve living and coping skills is usually the most effective course of treatment