1. Lesson 1: Wartime America

2.  Selective Service and Training Act 1940-Peace time draft, first time in history  Basic training resources were miniscule due to the influx of 227,000 soldiers  Segregated Military- not all African Americans were supportive of joining  Double V- Victory over Hitler and Victory over Racism in America  African Americans in Combat positions  Second generation Japanese Americans in combat  Navajo Indians recruited for the Marines as “Code Talkers”  Women enlisted into Women’s Army Axillary Corps  Woman’s Army Corps (WAC)  Women enlisted into Air Force  Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP)  Segregation didn’t end, but the integration made WWII missions successful

3.  Roosevelt believed that the Government + Business = War Preparedness  Two Ocean Navy- Expand the Navy to fight a Pacific war with Japan and an Atlantic war with Germany and Italy  National Defense Advisory Committee-incentives to produce war-supporting things  Cost-Plus-government contract to pay a manufacturer the cost to produce the product PLUS a profit  Vehicle manufacturing industry is replaced by Arms Industry  Tanks replace cars  Ship yards use mass production  War Production Board (WPB)- prioritizes production goals

4.  PROS of War- mobilizing the economy with business and income  CONS of War- taxes go up, displacement of Americans increases prejudices, race riots and juvenile delinquency  WOMEN and AFRICAN AMERICANS- recruited for the Military in non-combat roles  Executive Order 8802- No discrimination in the Military  Enforced fair employment practices  Racism among other minorities leads to violence  Mexican American Teens vs. White Teens in Los Angeles “zoot suit riots”  Japanese, German and Italian Americans are Relocated to internment camps  Nationality taken away, travel restricted, personal affects confiscated

5.  Rationing meat, sugar, fats, oils, processed foods, coffee, shoes, gasoline  Rationing Stamps  Victory gardens  Higher Taxes  War Bonds  Hollywood makes films to support the US and demonize the Japanese and Nazis

6. Lesson 2: The War in the Pacific Lesson 4: The War Ends

7. 1. December 7, 1941 Japan takes hold of the Philippines and bombs Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 2. March 1942 American airfields in the Philippines are overrun with Japanese 3. March 1942 General MacArthur retreats with his Army to Australia to restore resources 4. April 9, 1942 Bataan Death March 5. April 18 1942 Col James Doolittle bombs Tokyo Japan 6. Battle of the Coral Sea kept American supply lines open to Australia

8. 7. American Code breakers intercept Japanese Mission 7. June 4, 1942 the Battle of Midway- the TURNING POINT of the war Navajo Code Talkers give secret missions to the Marines to ambush the Japanese ambush 8. 1942-1945 Island Hopping Mission 1943-Navy Admiral Nimitz from Hawaii hopping westward to clear islands to Philippines 1944-General MacArthur hops northward from Australia to clear islands to Philippines 8. October 1944- The Battle of Leyte Gulf- largest Naval Battle in History Kamikaze attacks Philippines not recovered until August1945

9. 9.The Battle of Iwo Jima Feb 19, 1945 60,000 Marines amphibious landing Sunk into the volcanic ash/sand while wading to shore and were targets of Japanese fire Japanese bunkers were fortresses Americans responded with Flame throwers and explosives Firebombing Japan begins, directed by General Curtis LemMay

10. NOTE THIS:  THE WAR IN EUROPE ENDS MAY 8, 1945  Soldiers from EUROPE are shipped to the Pacific to finish the fight against JAPAN

11. 10.The Invasion of Okinawa and Surrender of Japan April 1945 350 miles from Japan Instead of defending the beaches the Japanese were dug into the mountains American troops needed Okinawa as a base for the invasion of Japan June 22, 1945 Okinawa was finally captured. Japan would not surrender to the United States unless Tojo could remain the leader of Japan Americans didn’t think the war would end unless Tojo surrendered

12. 11. The Manhattan Project “Little Boy” dropped at Hiroshima “Fat Man” dropped at Nagasaki

13.  After a debate about humane treatment, nuclear war and morals, Americans who had been working with nuclear physicists decided to use the new atomic bomb  August 6, 1945 Americans dropped the atomic bomb, “Little Boy” on Hiroshima  August 9, 1945 Americans dropped the atomic bomb, “Fat Man” on Nagasaki  August 15, 1945 V-J-Day – Japan surrendered and the war was over

14. Lesson 3 The War in Europe Lesson 4: The War Ends

15. 1. July 1942 The Battle for North Africa Morocco and Algeria are French Territory Indirectly under German Rule Offer Experience for new American Troops Support British Troops General Patton in command 2. August 1942 The Battle of the Atlantic German warships entered American Coastlines Targeting American Cargo Ships Convoy system using Navy warships to retaliate Radar, sonar, depth change technology

16. 3. September 1942 The Battle of Stalingrad Hitler Ordered Nazis to capture strategic oil fields, factories, farmland and RxR to cut resources Germans were not used to the freezing temperatures retreated Feb 1943 4. 1943-1945 Strategic Bombing 4. July 1943 Allies Invade Italy Italy Surrenders 4. 1944 USSR joins the Allies

17. 5.June 6, 1944 D-Day Invasion at Normandy Allied Invasion over German ruled France Operation Overlord Largest amphibious battle in history Weather had to be perfect to get ships and soldiers in the correct place General Omar Bradley Utah beach had a weak defense and Americans took control Omaha beach had a 50 ft high bluff that the Germans had dug into (trench- like, strong defense)

18. December 16, 1944 Last German Offensive Antwerp, Belgium Germans ambushed Allies Americans, lead by General Patton rescued the Allied soldiers in the defensive position with help from Allied bombing

19. March 7, 1945 Soviets drove Nazis out of Russia through Poland almost to Berlin Soviets fought from the Western Border into Germany Americans fought from the Eastern Border into Germany Adolph Hitler committed suicide April 30, 1945 Germany surrendered May 8, 1945

20. REMBER:  THE WAR WITH JAPAN DID NOT END AT THE SAME TIME AS THE WAR IN EUROPE  THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC ENDS August 15, 1945