1. National Incident Management System Dr. Jack W. Snyder Environmental Health Outreach Panel Tallahassee, Florida December 6, 2004

2. snyderj@mail.nlm.nih.gov Dr. Jack W. Snyder Associate Director National Library of Medicine

3. National Incident Management System Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD) – 5 (Management of Domestic Incidents) (February 28, 2003) Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD) – 5 (Management of Domestic Incidents) (February 28, 2003) Initial National Response Plan (September 30, 2003) Initial National Response Plan (September 30, 2003) National Incident Management System (March 1, 2004) National Incident Management System (March 1, 2004) Letter from DHS to State Governors (September 8, 2004) Letter from DHS to State Governors (September 8, 2004)

4. Homeland Security Presidential Directive - 5 “To prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies, the U.S. government shall establish a single, comprehensive approach to domestic incident management. In these efforts, with regard to domestic incidents, the U.S. government treats crisis management and consequence management as a single, integrated function, rather than two separate functions. The Secretary of Homeland Security is the principal Federal official for domestic incident management.” “To prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies, the U.S. government shall establish a single, comprehensive approach to domestic incident management. In these efforts, with regard to domestic incidents, the U.S. government treats crisis management and consequence management as a single, integrated function, rather than two separate functions. The Secretary of Homeland Security is the principal Federal official for domestic incident management.”

5. Initial National Response Plan Bridging document between existing, operative federal plans and a “full” NRP Bridging document between existing, operative federal plans and a “full” NRP National Homeland Security Operations Center (HSOC) is primary hub National Homeland Security Operations Center (HSOC) is primary hub Interagency Incident Management Group (IIMG) Interagency Incident Management Group (IIMG) Assistant to President for Homeland Security responsible for interagency coordination Assistant to President for Homeland Security responsible for interagency coordination Principal Federal Official can represent DHS Secretary at incident and in Joint Field Office Principal Federal Official can represent DHS Secretary at incident and in Joint Field Office

6. National Incident Management System “NIMS strengthens America’s response capabilities by identifying and integrating core elements and best practices for all responders and incident managers. Through a balance between flexibility and standardization, and use of common doctrine, terminology, concepts, principles, and processes, execution during a real incident will be consistent and seamless. Responders will be able to focus more on response, instead of organizing the response, and teamwork and assignments among all authorities will be clearly enhanced.” - Tom Ridge “NIMS strengthens America’s response capabilities by identifying and integrating core elements and best practices for all responders and incident managers. Through a balance between flexibility and standardization, and use of common doctrine, terminology, concepts, principles, and processes, execution during a real incident will be consistent and seamless. Responders will be able to focus more on response, instead of organizing the response, and teamwork and assignments among all authorities will be clearly enhanced.” - Tom Ridge

7. National Incident Management System “Creates a unified chain of command for federal, state, and local lines of government for incident response” “Creates a unified chain of command for federal, state, and local lines of government for incident response” Mgmt. template for “one mission, one fight” Mgmt. template for “one mission, one fight” Attempt to bring consistency to incident mgmt Attempt to bring consistency to incident mgmt Implementation required for continued federal assistance for “grants, contracts, and other activities” Implementation required for continued federal assistance for “grants, contracts, and other activities”

8. National Incident Management System First-ever federal attempt at standardized approach and common language First-ever federal attempt at standardized approach and common language “Principal Federal Official” supercedes “Federal Coordinating Officer” “Principal Federal Official” supercedes “Federal Coordinating Officer” Key to a safe and secure future? OR Unfunded mandate? Key to a safe and secure future? OR Unfunded mandate?

9. Key Features of NIMS Incident Command System (ICS) Incident Command System (ICS) Communications & Information Management Communications & Information Management Preparedness Preparedness Joint Information System (JIS) Joint Information System (JIS) NIMS Integration Center (NIC) NIMS Integration Center (NIC)

10. Five Essential Functions of ICS Command Command Operations Operations Planning Planning Logistics Logistics Finance & Administration Finance & Administration

11. INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM Most incidents are managed locally Most incidents are managed locally Must accord with standard set of ICS organizations, doctrine & procedures Must accord with standard set of ICS organizations, doctrine & procedures Modular, scalable, interactive management components, measurable objectives Modular, scalable, interactive management components, measurable objectives Common terminology, standards, procedures Common terminology, standards, procedures Should not disrupt existing operations Should not disrupt existing operations

12. INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM User friendly and widely applicable User friendly and widely applicable Common terms for organizational functions, resource descriptions & incident facilities Common terms for organizational functions, resource descriptions & incident facilities Reliance on incident action plans (IAPs) Reliance on incident action plans (IAPs) Span of control (3 to 7 subordinates) Span of control (3 to 7 subordinates) Pre-designated incident locations & facilities Pre-designated incident locations & facilities

13. INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM Comprehensive resource management Comprehensive resource management Integrated communications enable common situational awareness Integrated communications enable common situational awareness Establishment & Transfer of Command Establishment & Transfer of Command Chain of Command and Unity of Command Chain of Command and Unity of Command Accountability, Deployment, Info Mgmt Accountability, Deployment, Info Mgmt

14. COMMAND Single Command IC Single Command IC Single jurisdiction Single jurisdiction IC has sole responsibility for objectives & strategy IC has sole responsibility for objectives & strategy Unified Command Unified Command Multijurisdictional or multiagency Multijurisdictional or multiagency Joint determination of objectives, strategies, plans Joint determination of objectives, strategies, plans

15. COMMAND Incident Commander plus Command Staff Incident Commander plus Command Staff Public Information Officer Public Information Officer Safety Officer Safety Officer Liaison Officer Liaison Officer General Staff General Staff Operation Section Chief Operation Section Chief Planning Section Chief Planning Section Chief Logistics Section Chief Logistics Section Chief Finance/Administration Section Chief Finance/Administration Section Chief

16. OPERATIONS Hazard reduction, saving lives, situation control, restoration of normal operations Hazard reduction, saving lives, situation control, restoration of normal operations Section Chief-Branches-Divisions-Groups Section Chief-Branches-Divisions-Groups Resources Resources Single Resources (individual items) Single Resources (individual items) Task Forces (any combination) Task Forces (any combination) Strike Teams (set number) Strike Teams (set number)

17. PLANNING Collect-evaluate-disseminate info/intelligence Collect-evaluate-disseminate info/intelligence Units – Resources, Situation, Demobilization, Documentation, Technical Specialists Units – Resources, Situation, Demobilization, Documentation, Technical Specialists Develops Incident Action Plan (IAP) Develops Incident Action Plan (IAP) Incident Objectives, Organization Chart Incident Objectives, Organization Chart Assignment List, Communication Plan Assignment List, Communication Plan Logistics Plan, Responder Medical Plan Logistics Plan, Responder Medical Plan Incident Map, Health and Safety Plan Incident Map, Health and Safety Plan

18. LOGISTICS, FINANCE Logistics Logistics Responsible for all support requirements Responsible for all support requirements Units include Supply, Food, Ground Support, Communications, Facilities, Medical Units include Supply, Food, Ground Support, Communications, Facilities, Medical Finance/Administration Finance/Administration Responsible for cost analysis and “burn rates” Responsible for cost analysis and “burn rates” Units include Compensation/Claims, Procurement, Cost, and Time Units include Compensation/Claims, Procurement, Cost, and Time

19. Preparedness Cycle of planning, training, equipping, exercising, evaluating, correcting & mitigating Cycle of planning, training, equipping, exercising, evaluating, correcting & mitigating Involves “Organizations” & “Programs” Involves “Organizations” & “Programs” “Plans” – “Operational Core of Preparedness” “Plans” – “Operational Core of Preparedness” Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Procedures – Overview, SOP, FOG & Job Aid Procedures – Overview, SOP, FOG & Job Aid Preparedness Plans Preparedness Plans Corrective Action and Mitigation Plans Corrective Action and Mitigation Plans Recovery Plans Recovery Plans

20. Preparedness Training & Exercises – NIMS Integration Ctr. Training & Exercises – NIMS Integration Ctr. Personnel Qualification & Certification Personnel Qualification & Certification Equipment Certification Equipment Certification Mutual Aid Agreements Mutual Aid Agreements Publication Management Publication Management

21. Resource Management Personnel-teams-facilities-equipment-supplies Personnel-teams-facilities-equipment-supplies Establish-activate-dispatch-deactivate/recall Establish-activate-dispatch-deactivate/recall CONCEPTS: Uniform methods-mutual aid- credentialing-coordination CONCEPTS: Uniform methods-mutual aid- credentialing-coordination PRINCIPLES: Advance planning- identification-ordering-categorizing-pre- incident agreements-acquisition procedure- MIS-tracking systems PRINCIPLES: Advance planning- identification-ordering-categorizing-pre- incident agreements-acquisition procedure- MIS-tracking systems

22. Essential Resource Management Processes Must Identify, Type, Certify, Credential, Inventory, Identify Requirements, Order, Acquire, Mobilize, Track, Report, Recover, and Reimburse Must Identify, Type, Certify, Credential, Inventory, Identify Requirements, Order, Acquire, Mobilize, Track, Report, Recover, and Reimburse Must Establish NIM Resource Typing System & Nat’l Typing Protocol with Data Elements & Definitions Must Establish NIM Resource Typing System & Nat’l Typing Protocol with Data Elements & Definitions

23. Communication & Information Management Common Operating Picture Accessible Across Jurisdictions and Functional Agencies Common Operating Picture Accessible Across Jurisdictions and Functional Agencies Common Terminology, Communications and Data Standards, and Systems Interoperability Common Terminology, Communications and Data Standards, and Systems Interoperability NIMSIC Framework Guides Info Systems with: NIMSIC Framework Guides Info Systems with: Documented Policies (pre-incident, integration, networks, use of technology) Documented Policies (pre-incident, integration, networks, use of technology) Interoperability Standards (notification, status, analytical data, geospatial info, wireless, ID & authentication, nat’l database of incident reports Interoperability Standards (notification, status, analytical data, geospatial info, wireless, ID & authentication, nat’l database of incident reports

24. Supporting Technologies Interoperability, Compatibility, Support, Standards, Needs Assessments and Priorities, Strategic R&D Planning Interoperability, Compatibility, Support, Standards, Needs Assessments and Priorities, Strategic R&D Planning Three Principal Activities: Three Principal Activities: Operational Scientific Support (event-driven) Operational Scientific Support (event-driven) Technical Standards Support (based on performance measurement, consensus with SDOs, test and evaluation by objective experts, technical guidelines for training emergency responders) Technical Standards Support (based on performance measurement, consensus with SDOs, test and evaluation by objective experts, technical guidelines for training emergency responders) R&D to solve operational problems R&D to solve operational problems

25. Standards Development Organizations National Institute of Justice National Institute of Justice Nat’l Institute for Standards and Technology Nat’l Institute for Standards and Technology Nat’l Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health Nat’l Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health American National Standards Institute American National Standards Institute American Society for Testing and Materials American Society for Testing and Materials National Fire Protection Association National Fire Protection Association

26. Ongoing Management & Maintenance NIMS Integration Center – Responsibilities: NIMS Integration Center – Responsibilities: Education & awareness Education & awareness Compatibility of standards Compatibility of standards Publication of guidance and templates Publication of guidance and templates Assessment criteria, compliance requirements & timelines Assessment criteria, compliance requirements & timelines Training requirements, standards, guidelines, protocols & curricula Training requirements, standards, guidelines, protocols & curricula

27. Ongoing Management & Maintenance NIMS Integration Center – Responsibilities: NIMS Integration Center – Responsibilities: Publication management system Publication management system Review of discipline-specific PM requirements Review of discipline-specific PM requirements Credentialing standards for ER & IM personnel Credentialing standards for ER & IM personnel Credentialing documentation & database system Credentialing documentation & database system Establishing standards for performance, compatibility, and interoperability of IM equipment and systems Establishing standards for performance, compatibility, and interoperability of IM equipment and systems

28. Ongoing Management & Maintenance NIMS Integration Center – Responsibilities: NIMS Integration Center – Responsibilities: Develop national standards for typing of resources Develop national standards for typing of resources Facilitate info framework and coordinate establishment of technical/technology standards for NIMS users Facilitate info framework and coordinate establishment of technical/technology standards for NIMS users Establish repository and clearinghouse for reports, “lessons learned,” best practices, model structures, and model processes for NIMS-related functions Establish repository and clearinghouse for reports, “lessons learned,” best practices, model structures, and model processes for NIMS-related functions

29. DHS Letter to Governors Outlines major steps in FY 2005 “to become compliant with NIMS” Outlines major steps in FY 2005 “to become compliant with NIMS” Incorporate NIMS into existing training programs and exercises Incorporate NIMS into existing training programs and exercises Ensure that fed preparedness funding supports NIMS implementation at state and local levels Ensure that fed preparedness funding supports NIMS implementation at state and local levels Incorporate NIMS into Emergency Operations Plans (EOP) Incorporate NIMS into Emergency Operations Plans (EOP)

30. DHS Letter to Governors Promote intrastate mutual aid agreements Promote intrastate mutual aid agreements Coordinate and provide technical assistance to local entities regarding NIMS Coordinate and provide technical assistance to local entities regarding NIMS Institutionalize the use of the Incident Command System (ICS) Institutionalize the use of the Incident Command System (ICS) Complete NIMS Awareness Course (IS 700) at http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is700.asp Complete NIMS Awareness Course (IS 700) at http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is700.asp http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is700.asp

31. DHS Letter to Governors Formally recognize the NIMS and adopt the NIMS principles and policies Formally recognize the NIMS and adopt the NIMS principles and policies Establish a NIMS baseline by determining which NIMS requirements are already met Establish a NIMS baseline by determining which NIMS requirements are already met Establish a timeframe and develop a strategy for full NIMS implementation Establish a timeframe and develop a strategy for full NIMS implementation

32. DHS Letter to Governors FY 2005 – attempt to comply fully with NIMS FY 2005 – attempt to comply fully with NIMS FY 2006 – leverage assistance to reach full NIMS compliance FY 2006 – leverage assistance to reach full NIMS compliance FY 2007 – fed assistance conditioned upon full NIMS compliance FY 2007 – fed assistance conditioned upon full NIMS compliance For assistance, see http://www.fema.gov/nims For assistance, see http://www.fema.gov/nimshttp://www.fema.gov/nims

33. Critique of NIMS “Another unfunded mandate...” “Another unfunded mandate...” “Feds are moving too fast to implement...” “Feds are moving too fast to implement...” “System lacks clarity...” “System lacks clarity...” “Insufficient training and funding, especially for police...” “Insufficient training and funding, especially for police...” “Implementing 518 measurable requirements by FY 2006 is Herculean...” (NIMSCAST) (see 69 (108) Fed Reg 31626 et seq.) “Implementing 518 measurable requirements by FY 2006 is Herculean...” (NIMSCAST) (see 69 (108) Fed Reg 31626 et seq.) “How will compliance be determined?” “How will compliance be determined?”

34. Critique of NIMS by Cohen, et al. (Am J Pub Health 2004;94:1667-1671) “The present expansion of BT preparedness programs will continue to squander health resources, increase the dangers of accidental or purposeful release of dangerous pathogens, and further undermine efforts to enforce international treaties to ban biological and chemical weapons. The PH community should acknowledge the substantial harm that BT preparedness has already caused, and develop mechanisms to increase our PH resources and to allocate them to address the world’s real health needs.” “The present expansion of BT preparedness programs will continue to squander health resources, increase the dangers of accidental or purposeful release of dangerous pathogens, and further undermine efforts to enforce international treaties to ban biological and chemical weapons. The PH community should acknowledge the substantial harm that BT preparedness has already caused, and develop mechanisms to increase our PH resources and to allocate them to address the world’s real health needs.”