2. Spacecraft must have a rocket attached to give it the thrust needed to send it into space. Thrust must be enough to reach escape velocity. Escape velocity – speed a rocket needs to overcome the pull of gravity. Small rockets attached to the spacecraft provide any minor changes in the direction. No atmosphere in space - must carry its own oxygen supply for the small rockets to function.

4. Earth Orbit Satellites

5. Earth orbit satellites exist as two types: Low orbit satellites (1963) Canada’s first satellite - Alouette 1 Had an altitude between 200 km and 1000 km. Traveling at speeds of 28 000 km/h Orbits the Earth in about 90 minutes.

6. High orbit “Telecommunications” satellites Travel much more slowly. With the right speed, can be geosynchronous. (Move with speed of Earth – always over the same spot). (1972) Canada’s 1 st geosynchronous - Anik 1. 24 satellites at a distance of 20 000 km above the Earth's surface. These form a Global Positioning System (GPS) that is used for navigation. (not in geosynchronous)

8. Manned Space Activities

9. First satellite – Sputnik (1957) First manned spacecraft – Soviet (1961). Yuri Gagarin was the cosmonaut. First space station – Soviet (1971) – Salyut 1. Since that time the Soviet Union used the MIR space station until 2001. Currently - International Space Station (ISS). A cooperative venture of the United States, Europe, Canada, Russia and Japan.

10. Sputnik MIR Yuri Gagarin International Space Station

12. Space Probes

13. Space probes Various robotic explorers. Much less expensive than manned spacecraft. Travel distances much farther than manned craft. Don’t need to get them back – no death. Probe Names: Voyager Pioneer Cassini Galileo Pathfinder Lunar prospector Mars Sojourner Rover

15. Hubble Space Telescope

16. (1973) - NASA began designing a space telescope. (1985) - Telescope was finished construction. (1990) - Hubble Space Telescope was launched Fixes: (1993) – Crew fixed faulty lenses. (1997) – Crew added instruments and did repaires. Images sent to us by the Hubble Space Telescope are from some stars 8 billion years ago.

20. Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST): Launch in 2010. Significant advances over the HST. Bigger and lighter with better range. Include infrared camara.

21. Canada's Involvement In Space

22. Canadarm A robotic arm that allows astronauts in the space shuttle to move large cargo in space. Used on the International Space Station. Not permanently attached to one spot – it can move around the Space Station on tracks.

23. Astronauts and Astronomers: Roberta BondarMarc Garneau Chris HadfieldJulie Payette Bob ThirskDave Williams Canadian astronauts are usually scientists or “payload specialists” - in charge of satellites and equipment. (1989) Canadian Space Agency.

24. May 1, 1969. Commander Neil A. Armstrong, Michael Collins, Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr.