1. Surgical Tools and Equipment

2. Topics Open heart surgery (Julianne) Heart lung machine (Philicia)
Patent Foramen Ovale (Kelsey)
Catheter-based procedures (Suzy)
MEMS (Ashley)

3. Open Heart Surgery Sternotomy Cardioplegia Heart-lung machine
(Philicia will discuss)
Most common in most adult patients:
Bypass surgery
Valve surgery
Cut through breast bone down middle and use cannulas to divert the blood away from the heart
solution that stops the heart during surgery
Use an artery or vein from the chest wall to bypass the diseased area
Internal mammory/thoracic
Replacement or repair
Sophisticated electrical moniters: surgeon and aneastheseologist can monitor how people are doing
– Open Heart Surgery
– Aortic Valve Replacement
Want to read about the first open heart surgery/ a movie made about it?

4. References

5. Cardiopulmonary Bypass
aka heart-lung machine, the “pump”

6. video: http://video.about.com/heartdisease/Heart-Lung-Machine.htm
Heart-lung machine in action:

7. Patent Foramen Ovale
A hole between the left and right atria of the heart fails to close naturally soon after a baby is born (first 2 years)
Relatively common % of adults
Can be diagnosed by an echocardiogram or “bubble test”
The lowest mortality rates are achieved in individuals with a pulmonary artery systolic pressure of less than 40

9. Not usually treated unless there are other heart problems, or the person had a stroke
Closure of an ASD in individuals between the ages of 25 and 40 who are asymptomatic but have a clinically significant shunt is controversial.
Repaired by surgery, cardiac catheterization procedure, or percutaneous closure
A cardiac catheterization involves slowly moving a catheter (a long, thin, flexible, hollow tube) into the heart. The catheter is initially inserted into a large vein through a small incision made usually in the inner thigh (groin area) and then is advanced to and into the heart.

10. The Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO) consists of two self-expandable round discs connected to each other - Nitinol wire mesh filled with Dacron fabric)
ASO - Amplatzer Septal Occluder

11. Cardiac Catheters Catheter= long, thin, and flexible tube
Diagnostic and treatment
Can do minor surgeries during the catheterization such as removing the bloackage
Minimally invasive – inserted into a blood vessel
Small incision is made after local anesthesia
Dye is introduced into the catheter
X-ray pictures are taken
Once removed, incision is stitched up
Risks? It is a surgery after all.

12. MEMS and Their Fabrication

13. What are MEMS? “Technology of very small devices” [1] Multi-component
[4]
[3]

14. MEMS and Materials
Silicon
Polymers
Metals
Ceramics
[5]
[7]
[8]
[6]

15. Fabrication
Three Basic Steps [2]

16. Fabrication [2]

17. References 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: