1. FLOODS AND FLASH FLOODS M.P.Singh Superintending Engineer Hydrological Observation Circle Central Water Commission, Guwahati

2. FLOODS ARE NATURAL PHENOMENA. FLOODS

3. FLOODS ARE WATER RELATED DISASTER WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT INCLUDES MANAGEMENT OF THESE DISASTERS FLOODS ARE WATER RELATED DISASTER WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT INCLUDES MANAGEMENT OF THESE DISASTERS

4. CAUSES OF FLOODS PRECIPITATION INADEQUATE CAPACITY (WITHIN BANKS) BANK EROSION AND SILTING LAND SLIDES TIDAL AND BACK WATER EFFECTS POOR DRAINAGE SNOW MELT AND GLACIAL OUT BURSTS PRECIPITATION INADEQUATE CAPACITY (WITHIN BANKS) BANK EROSION AND SILTING LAND SLIDES TIDAL AND BACK WATER EFFECTS POOR DRAINAGE SNOW MELT AND GLACIAL OUT BURSTS

5. FLOOD MANAGEMENT GEOGRAPHICAL328 FLOOD PRONE4012% PROTECTABLE3280% PROTECTED16.445% FLOOD AFFECTED  AVERAGE7.7  MAXIMUM17.5(1978)  MINIMUM1.5(1965) GEOGRAPHICAL328 FLOOD PRONE4012% PROTECTABLE3280% PROTECTED16.445% FLOOD AFFECTED  AVERAGE7.7  MAXIMUM17.5(1978)  MINIMUM1.5(1965) INDIA AREA (M. Ha)

6. FLOOD MANAGEMENT INDIA FLOOD PRONE AREA - 40 M.Ha. OTHER STATES 43.9% OTHER STATES 43.9% UTTAR PRADESH 21.90% UTTAR PRADESH 21.90% BIHAR 12.71% BIHAR 12.71% ASSAM 9.40% ASSAM 9.40% WEST BENGAL 7.91% WEST BENGAL 7.91% ORISSA 4.18% ORISSA 4.18%

7. FLOOD MANAGEMENT INDIA AREA AFFECTED BY FLOODS - 1953-99 YEAR AREA IN M.Ha. 1999

8. FLOOD DAMAGE IN INDIA DURING 1953-2000 RUPEES IN CRORE YEAR

9.  INDISCRIMINATE ENCROACHMENT  INCREASING ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES IN FLOOD PLAINS  LACK OF REGULATIONS  INADEQUATE DRAINAGE SYSTEM  INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE  LACK OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS  INDISCRIMINATE ENCROACHMENT  INCREASING ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES IN FLOOD PLAINS  LACK OF REGULATIONS  INADEQUATE DRAINAGE SYSTEM  INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE  LACK OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS INCREASED VULNERABILITY CAUSES INCREASED VULNERABILITY CAUSES

10. FLOODS CAN NOT BE ABSOLUTELY CONTROLLED FLOODS CAN ONLY BE MANAGED TO REDUCE FLOOD LOSSES FLOODS CAN NOT BE ABSOLUTELY CONTROLLED FLOODS CAN ONLY BE MANAGED TO REDUCE FLOOD LOSSES FLOOD MANAGEMENT APPROACH

11. MODIFY THE FLOODS MODIFY THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FLOOD DAMAGE MODIFY THE LOSS BURDEN BEAR THE LOSS MODIFY THE FLOODS MODIFY THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FLOOD DAMAGE MODIFY THE LOSS BURDEN BEAR THE LOSS FLOOD MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

12. FLOOD MANAGEMENT ORGANISATIONS STATE FLOOD CONTROL DEPARTMENTS CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION GANGA FLOOD CONTROL COMMISSION BRAHMAPUTRA BOARD MHA - NDM DIVISION STATE FLOOD CONTROL DEPARTMENTS CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION GANGA FLOOD CONTROL COMMISSION BRAHMAPUTRA BOARD MHA - NDM DIVISION

13. STRUCTURAL :PHYSICAL WORKS FOR MEASURES MODIFYING FLOOD MAGNITUDE ( TO KEEP FLOODS AWAY FROM PEOPLE ) NON-STRUCTURAL :PLANNED ACTIVITY TO MODIFY MEASURESSUSCEPTIBILITY TO FLOOD DAMAGE ( TO KEEP PEOPLE AWAY FROM FLOODS ) STRUCTURAL :PHYSICAL WORKS FOR MEASURES MODIFYING FLOOD MAGNITUDE ( TO KEEP FLOODS AWAY FROM PEOPLE ) NON-STRUCTURAL :PLANNED ACTIVITY TO MODIFY MEASURESSUSCEPTIBILITY TO FLOOD DAMAGE ( TO KEEP PEOPLE AWAY FROM FLOODS ) FLOOD MANAGEMENTMEASURES

14. DAMS & RESERVOIRS EMBANKMENT CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT RIVER DIVERSION INTER BASIN TRANSFER ANTI EROSION WORKS DAMS & RESERVOIRS EMBANKMENT CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT RIVER DIVERSION INTER BASIN TRANSFER ANTI EROSION WORKS FLOOD MANAGEMENT STRUCTURAL MEASURES

15. FLOOD FORECASTING & WARNING FLOOD PLAIN ZONING FLOOD FIGHTING FLOOD PROOFING FLOOD INSURANCE RELIEF & REHABILITATION FLOOD FORECASTING & WARNING FLOOD PLAIN ZONING FLOOD FIGHTING FLOOD PROOFING FLOOD INSURANCE RELIEF & REHABILITATION FLOOD MANAGEMENT NON STRUCTURAL MEASURES

16. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING WATER SUPPLY FACTORY POWER HOUSE UNIVERSITY RESIDENTIAL AREA GOVT. OFFICE HOSPITAL NORMAL CHANNEL PARK FREQUENT FLOOD FLOOD ONCE IN 25 YEARS FLOOD ONCE IN 100 YEARS III II IIII I

17. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING PROHIBITIVE RESTRICTIVE WARNING RESTRICTIVE I I II III II I I RIVER CHANNEL

18. FLOOD FORECASTING BEGINNING STARTED BY CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION YEAR 1958 RIVER YAMUNA FORECASTING STATION DELHI RAILWAY BRIDGE BEGINNING STARTED BY CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION YEAR 1958 RIVER YAMUNA FORECASTING STATION DELHI RAILWAY BRIDGE INDIA

19. FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNING DATA COLLECTION DATA TRANSMISSION DATA ANALYSIS & FORECAST FORMULATION DISSEMINATION OF FORECAST DATA COLLECTION DATA TRANSMISSION DATA ANALYSIS & FORECAST FORMULATION DISSEMINATION OF FORECAST STEPS

20. FLOOD FORECASTING HYDROLOGICAL RIVER WATER LEVEL RIVER DISCHARGE HYDROMETEOROLGICAL RAINFALL OTHER RECIPITATION eg. SNOW, HAIL ETC. HYDROLOGICAL RIVER WATER LEVEL RIVER DISCHARGE HYDROMETEOROLGICAL RAINFALL OTHER RECIPITATION eg. SNOW, HAIL ETC. DATA COLLECTION

21. FLOOD FORECASTING WIRELESS TELEPHONE FAX WIRELESS TELEPHONE FAX DATA TRANSMISSION SATELLITE TELEGRAPH TELEX SATELLITE TELEGRAPH TELEX

22. FLOOD FORECASTING CORRELATION MATHEMATICAL MODELS CORRELATION MATHEMATICAL MODELS DATA ANALYSIS & FORECAST FORMULATION

23. FLOOD FORECASTING DISSEMINATION FORECAST CIVIL AUTHORITY OTHER AGENCIES PRESS, A I R DOORDARSHAN PRESS, A I R DOORDARSHAN OTHER USERS LOCAL REPRESENTATIVES OTHER USERS LOCAL REPRESENTATIVES

24. FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNING PRESENT SYSTEM - SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM WEATHER FORECASTS RIVER STAGE & DISCHARGE AT BASE STATION RIVER STAGE & DISCHARGE AT BASE STATION RIVER STAGE & DISCHARGE AT FORECASTING STATIONS RIVER STAGE & DISCHARGE AT FORECASTING STATIONS RAINFALL F.M. O. OF I.M.D FLOOD FORECASTING CENTRES & CONTROL ROOMS FLOOD FORECASTING CENTRES & CONTROL ROOMS FORMULATION OF FORECAST FORMULATION OF FORECAST C.E., S.E. STATE GOVT. CONTROL ROOM STATE GOVT. CONTROL ROOM PRESS RADIO P & T POLICE FLOOD COMMITTEE CIVIL AUTHORITIES ENGG. AUTHORITIES DEFENCE RAILWAYS INDUSTRIES F.M.O OF I.M.D REGIONAL OFFICES OF I.M.D. REGIONAL OFFICES OF I.M.D. REGIONAL OFFICES OF I.M.D. REGIONAL OFFICES OF I.M.D. DOORDARSHAN CWC HQ MINISTRY OF WR

25. FLOOD MANAGEMENT scope Use of Remote Sensing and GIS Research and Development Weather / Rainfall Forecasting FF Modelling Capacity Building International Cooperation Use of Remote Sensing and GIS Research and Development Weather / Rainfall Forecasting FF Modelling Capacity Building International Cooperation

26. FLOOD FORECASTING NETWORK COVERS MAJOR AND INTER STATE RIVER BASINS. 166 STATIONS :- INFLOW 27 & STAGE 139 COVERS MAJOR AND INTER STATE RIVER BASINS. 166 STATIONS :- INFLOW 27 & STAGE 139 INDIA

27. FLOOD FORECASTING STATIONS INDIA GANGAB’PUTRAWEST FLOWING GODAVARIEASTERN RIVERS KRISHNAMAHANADIBARAK 8585 27 1717 1515 98 32

28. FLOOD FORECASTING STATIONS INDIA BIHAR UP ASSAM W. B. APAP ORISSA GUJARAT M’RASHTRA KARNA TAKA MP D & NH HARYANA 3535 3232 23 14 1515 11 1 6 4 3 2 1 2 NCT DELHI 4 2 UTTAR ANCHAL JHARKHAND

29. FLOOD MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES Pre flood During flood Post flood

30. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING AN IMPORTANT NON-STRUCTURAL MEASURE. REGULATES LAND USE IN FLOOD PLAINS TO RESTRICT DAMAGE BY FLOODS. INVOLVES DEMARCATION OF ZONES IN FLOOD PLAINS COMPATIBLE WITH FLOOD RISKS INVOLVED. AN IMPORTANT NON-STRUCTURAL MEASURE. REGULATES LAND USE IN FLOOD PLAINS TO RESTRICT DAMAGE BY FLOODS. INVOLVES DEMARCATION OF ZONES IN FLOOD PLAINS COMPATIBLE WITH FLOOD RISKS INVOLVED. CONCEPT

31. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING PRIORITY - I ACTIVITY LIMITED TO WATER LEVELS CORRESPONDING TO 100 YEARS FLOOD FREQUENCY AND DRAINAGE CONGESTION FOR 50 YEARS RAINFALL. PRIORITY - I ACTIVITY LIMITED TO WATER LEVELS CORRESPONDING TO 100 YEARS FLOOD FREQUENCY AND DRAINAGE CONGESTION FOR 50 YEARS RAINFALL. ZONE REGULATION

32. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING PRIORITY - II ACTIVITY LIMITED TO LEVELS CORRESPONDING TO 25 YEARS FLOOD FREQUENCY AND DRAINAGE CONGESTION FOR 10 YEARS RAINFALL FREQUENCY. PRIORITY - II ACTIVITY LIMITED TO LEVELS CORRESPONDING TO 25 YEARS FLOOD FREQUENCY AND DRAINAGE CONGESTION FOR 10 YEARS RAINFALL FREQUENCY. ZONE REGULATION

33. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING PRIORITY - III LESS ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY ACTIVITY IN AREAS VULNERABLE TO FREQUENT FLOODS. PRIORITY - III LESS ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY ACTIVITY IN AREAS VULNERABLE TO FREQUENT FLOODS. ZONE REGULATION

34. FLOOD MANAGEMENT FUTURE STRATEGIES Focused Approach Basin Wise Action Plan Flood Plain Zoning Role of Central Government Funding of Planned Flood Management Works Adequacy of Flood Cushion in Reservoirs Focused Approach Basin Wise Action Plan Flood Plain Zoning Role of Central Government Funding of Planned Flood Management Works Adequacy of Flood Cushion in Reservoirs

35. THANK YOU