1. Learning objectives: Discuss the spatial pattern of global interactions
Key terminology Core Periphery Network Hubs Nodes Semi periphery World systems theory World cities

2. Match the definitions A Core
1 Central location that dominates financial, political, cultural processes
B Periphery
2 Second order cities that are linked to major hubs. This could include a direct flow of people, information or finance.
C Semi periphery
3 Areas that can be exploited and suffer from lack of investment
D Hubs
4 Countries undergoing class struggles and social change
E Nodes
5 Cities that exert a dominant influence over continental and global economies and processes.
F World city
6 Areas that experience greater growth, investment and net migration gain
A- 6, B-3, C-4, D-1, E-2, F-5

3. Match the definitions A Core
6 Areas that experience greater growth, investment and net migration gain
B Periphery
3 Areas that can be exploited and suffer from lack of investment
C Semi periphery
4 Countries undergoing class struggles and social change
D Hubs
1 Central location that dominates financial, political, cultural processes
E Nodes
2 Second order cities that are linked to major hubs. This could include a direct flow of people, information or finance.
F World city
5 Cities that exert a dominant influence over continental and global economies and processes.
A- 6, B-3, C-4, D-1, E-2, F-5

4. Global Hubs
Switched-on places possessing qualities that make other places want to connect with them.
World cities (London, Tokyo, New York etc.)
Many host the major TNCs, why?.
They tend to be places of increasingly diverse culture as flows of people, finance, trade and ideas converge on them.

5. Hubs are connected by flows and networks
Flows of Money and capital through stock market at major hubs (NY, Tokyo and London)

6. Flows
Information via internet, facebook, myspace

7. More flows
•Flows Of Manufactured goods particularly those of transnational corporations (TNCs) Tesco, Disney •Flows Of Raw materials Such as food, oil, minerals •Flows of people Demographic changes e.g. Poles to UK, Filipinos to HK

8. Networks •Transport networks
e.g. air travel and container/bulk Shipping, DragonAir
•Political networks
especially those that focus on economic / trade ties- trade blocs

9. World cities?
Large urbanised regions defined by dense patterns of interaction
Centres through which money, information and commodities flow
Hierarchical
Primary cities command most economic power and attract greatest global investment
Sites for concentration and accumulation of capital

10. Where is the core?
You must identify 12 world cities based on the following
1. Global Finance Centres. 2. Countries with the highest number of McDonald's restaurants. 3. Number of mobile phones in use. 4. Internet users. 5. Busiest passenger airports. 6. Tourism receipts (US$)

14. World cities
Economic: Stock exchanges, corporate headquarters, high cost of living, financial transactions
Political: World influence, expatriate communities, headquarters of international organisations, capital cities
Cultural: Familiarity, host of sporting and cultural events, centre of education and tourism, variety of religions
Infrastructural: International airport, mass transit system (underground.subway), quality infrastructure and amenities

16. How do yours compare?
P320
Course companion

17. What models have you studied about progress and development?
When did globalisation commence?
Which developmental models are most accurate?

18. The theory states that as prosperity grows, the majority of the wealth is enjoyed by a core of the population.
Furthermore, even though the periphery has a greater population, it is the countries with the strongest economic system that holds the strongest government.

19. The global cities Index:
Based on:
Business activity
Human capital
Information exchange
Cultural experience
Political engagement
Spatial distribution of global ‘Alpha’ cities:
Alpha + +
London & New York
Alpha +
Paris, Tokyo, Sydney, Beijing, Shanghai, Singapore, Hong Kong
Alpha
Toronto, Brussels, Madrid, Milan, Moscow, Mumbai, KL, Seoul
Alpha -
LA, Mexico City, Chicago, Caracas, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Bangkok, Taipei….

20. World cities
These have been created by a shift from an international economy, where goods and services are traded across national boundaries by individuals and firms from different countries under the strict control of individual nations to a GLOBAL ECONOMY

21. Global economy
Goods and services are produced by large MNCs who dictate the industrial policy of the nation state
They usually orchestrate their operations from world cities