1. Integrated Civil Engineering Design Project (Building Structure Design Example) CIVL 395
HKUST
By : Ir. K.S. Kwan
Date: 4/07

2. Architectural Consideration
Limitation (plot ratio, height, public facilities, slope)
View/light/Wind climate
Flat size, Number of Blocks
Podium (Other Facilities – Cube house/ Carpark/ Commercial complex)
Budget estimation
Other considerations

3. Structural Engineer Consideration
Any site construction difficulties
Site Access
Construction platform
Foundation option
Time for completion
Tower Design
To provide a cost-effective solution

4. Lack of flexibility by structural element
Case A : 45 storey
Lack of flexibility by structural element
End wall should be effectively used as shear wall to provide better stiffness

5. To enhance the stiffness of building by linking the walls as much as possible

6. Lack of flexibility by structural element
Too much wall
No support for slab

7. Wall not allowed in front of stairs
Beam ahead bedroom
Too much wall
End wall should be effectively used as shear wall to provide better stiffness

8. Structural Framing Plan
Secondary Beam for gravity load only
Aspect ratio = 45x3/19 =7.0
Lintel Beam
For both wind load and gravity load

9. Case B: 15 storey

10. Aspect ratio = 15x3/60 =0.75
Column structure used

11. Case C: 57 storey

12. Aspect ratio
= 57x3/24.3 =7.03

13. Podium Structure To confirm the column layout under transfer structure
To confirm the transfer plate/column layout
To confirm the size of transfer structure (e.g. thickness of transfer plate)
Evaluate the tower loading and estimate the size of transfer structure size

15. Tower Framing plan

16. Transfer Structure under tower

17. Supporting columns under transfer structure

18. Other beam/column structure below

19. Other beam/column structure below

20. Other beam/column structure below

21. Preliminary Computer Model
Use the effective members for first model
Estimate the member size for model input based on gravity load first and provide some reserve for wind load (say 20 ~40% of wind load)
Check top deflection < H/500

22. Minor wall not selected for preliminary modeling
Only analysis the critical wind direction
Only use the effective members for modeling
Minor wall not selected for preliminary modeling
Width of building to calculate the wind load

23. For preliminary model, only typical floor is used to simulate the whole tower.
Building height should be maintained
Tower model
Podium model

24. Element Checking
Check critical lintel beam force (e.g. check wind shear stress v=V/bd )
Check critical element force (e.g. wall element under high compression/tension)

25. Loading Schedule Checking
Check average gravity load (Total D+L/Gross Floor Area = 15~20 KN/m2
Total axial force = 0
Check total wind shear force = total wind force applied at the building

26. Q & A