1. Integrating Wind and Solar Energy in India for a Smart Grid Platform
With Support and Editorial by Mr Peter Meissen
Farhan Beg
This presentation is actually an analysis into the heart of the Indian power sector; what are the problems that the Indian grid is facing and what is the best possible solution to solve them. Smart Grid proposes a dynamic electricity management system which seems to be the need of the hour for the Indian electricity System

2. India’s Location Source: Esri
India’s Location with respect to the world.
Source: Esri

3. India, Latitude and Longitude
Tropic of Cancer passes through the country and half of the country is tropical while as half is sub tropical.
Source:

4. Population Current Population: 1.27 Billion Source: CIA world Factbook
The population of the country shows a bulge when compared to other countries of the world.
Current Population: 1.27 Billion
Source: CIA world Factbook

5. India’s Population Density
Most of the population is concentrated in the East and the South of the country because of the favorable weather and a lot of commerce.
Source:

6. Energy Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Currently Source : IEA
Over the years, India and China have shown a steady growth in terms of their Energy consumption while as the OECD countries show a constant energy consumption. This is mostly because of the huge growth rate in India and China.
Currently
Source : IEA

7. India’s Energy Consumption and GDP
Total Energy Consumption in the country is at a steep rise.
Source: EIA

8. The Two Fastest Growing Major Economies
Peoples Republic of China vs. Republic of India
China
India
Population (July 2013 est.)
1.34 billion
1.28 billion
Electricity Installed generation capacity (2012 est.) GW GW
Electricity from fossil fuels
69.5 % of installed capacity
69.9 % of installed capacity
Electricity from Renewable sources
29.6 % of installed capacity
27.6 % of installed capacity
Carbon dioxide emission from consumption of energy.(est 2010)
8.321 billion Mt
1.696 billion Mt
Carbon dioxide emission of China is nearly 5 times more as that of India. The electricity installed generation capacity of China is nearly 5 times more than India.
Source: CIA world Factbook
Carbon dioxide emission of China is nearly 5 times more as that of India!

9. Acknowledging Power Supply and Demand
The Gap between demand and supply is wide and growing.
Growing economy and massive urbanization is putting more stress on energy and the environment.
The average electricity consumption in India is still among the lowest in the world at just 630 kWh per person per year, but this is expected to grow to 1000 kWh in the near future.
The demand for electricity is constantly outstripping the supply and the gap is ever widening.
Source: CEA, Ministry of Power India

10. Population Growth, Electricity Production, and Electricity Consumption
The electricity production is increasing at a steady growth rate trying to match the demand because of the increasing population.
Electricity Consumption
Source: Indian Ministry of Power

11. More than half of Electricity produced in the country is from conventional fuels and needs a change to a more sustainable and green fuel source.
Source: EIA

12. Electricity Scenario of India
Key regulatory bodies in the Indian Power Sector
Department of Atomic Energy
Ministry of Power
Central Electricity Regularity Commission
State Electricity Regularity Commissions
Central Electricity Authority
Installed Capacity: 220 GW
Peak Demand: GW
Peak Deficit: 8.6 %
Energy Deficit: 4.8 %
Growth Rate: % PA
For the Year 2011
Source: Central Electricity Authority

13. Issues Facing India’s Power Sector
Generation Side
Transmission Side
All three facets of extracting electricity from the utilities to the consumer face some very strong issues.
Distribution Side

14. Generation Fuel (Coal and Gas) Shortage is acute.
Many power plants have less than seven days' of coal stocks, a level seen as critical to continuous operation.
Present demand–supply gap of coal is around 85 million tons and it is expected to increase gradually to nearly 140 million tons by 2017.
Capacity addition from hydropower sources slowed in the past couple of years

15. Transmission
A huge 12 percent of the electricity generated is lost while evacuating power to the consumers as Transmission losses which can go to as high as 50 percent in some states.
The officially declared transmission and losses in India have steadily risen from about 7 percent up to the year to about 12 percent in

16. Distribution
Distribution companies, mostly state-owned, are mired with about $35 billion in debt barring them from investing more into the R&D and up gradation of their utilities.
The estimated loss of all the State distribution utilities has been estimated at Rs 2400 million as of March 31, 2012

17. Before And Now Grid infra-structure established over a 100 years ago
Main purpose was to supply electricity to a few loads
Power Generation was localized and built around small communities
(State of Transition)
The needs of the civilization are not modest anymore
Grid structure is becoming complex with every passing day and loads are increasing in size and convulsion
A constant interest related to integrating variable sources of energies that give rise to harmonic instability.
There has been a transition from the needs of consumers a century before to today.

18. Grid Modernization w Source: www.enel.com
Grid modernization involving latest technologies and better storage options for integration of renewable energy is important. w
Source:

19. Smart Grid, A Remedy Issue What a Smart Grid can do?
A Smart Grid better manages the integration of all available resources of energy into the grid.
Supply Shortfalls
Huge Losses
Allows the integration of Distribution Energy Resources (DER’s) that can allow localised generation hence reducing the transmission and equipment losses
Provides the platform for introduction of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for a better User Interface (UI)
Human element in system operations
Smart Grid provides the solution to all of the issues facing the India’s electricity grid.
Allows a perceptive load control which can prevent the peak time shortfall
Peak Load Management
Integration of renewable energy
Manages problems caused by intermittency and distributed power

20. Smart Grid Deployment
The ‘Smart’ in a Smart Grid is an Information Communication Technology (ICT) that brings together a variety of computing and telecommunications technologies. The ICT enables the Smart Grid’s envisioned benefits to become a reality.
The Smart Grid has to be deployed in certain steps and phases.
Source:

21. Technology of Smart Grids
Smart Grids encompass a wide range of operations such as
detecting and identifying faults and a quick response to power outages,
providing consumers with near real-time information on the amount and cost of the power they use,
improving the security of the system, and
linking all elements of the grid to enable better decision making on the resource use.
Various technologies in action
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
Distribution Management System (DMS)
Distribution Automation System (DAS)
Automated Meter Reading (AMR)
Geographical Information System (GIS)
Phasor Measurement Units (PMU’s)
Source:

22. Home Area Network
Home Area Network (HAN) connects thermostats, refrigerators and other electrical devices in a Smart Home to an energy management system.
Even though not a very strong contender for smart grid deployment in India, Home Area Network is a very important parameter for the final green and reliable electricity system in India and abroad.
Source: portal.org

23. Integration of Renewable Energy
Integration of Renewable Energy is probably the biggest thrust for a Smart Grid Deployment in India
Has to be converged at grid operator level and requires a superior Energy Management System
The Smart Grid’s superior capability of introducing new sources of energy to the grid clearly signifies that more Distributed Generation can be integrated into it
Solar and Wind energy are crucial and primary factors of a cleaner and greener energy future

24. Demerits of Conventional Fuels
Coal
Dependence on imported coal is on the rise, supply from the local quarries is on a shallow decrease on account of production and analytical constraints
Oil
Energy Security and Political Instability always tan the oil import scenario of the country
Natural Gas
Domestic gas resources are limited. Moreover RLNG is costly and not a feasible option for power generation
Hydro
Even though India is rich in Hydro potential but harnessing Hydel potential to meet the requirements is a challenging task
Renewable Sources of energy provide clear benefits over the conventional fuels.

25. India’s Renewable Scenario
As on November 2012, 12% of total installed capacity (210 GW) through renewable sources
Wind (18.3 GW)
Small Hydro (3.4 GW)
Biomass (1.2 GW)
Solar (1 GW)
Progressive Renewable Sector
2012
2017 est’d
Over the years, the Indias Renewable Energy Scene has observed a very steady growth and the growth is expected to continue.

26. The Role of Renewable Energy
The notion of renewable energy as an “alternate” form of energy is no longer a valid argument.
India is currently ranked 5th in the world in all renewable energy fronts.
Renewable Energy is one of the most important drivers for the Smart Grid deployment in the country. Smart Grid can do a fairly good job in integrating the energy from renewable sources into the grid.
Source:

27. Renewable Energy is highly distributed in the country.

28. Wind Energy in India Wind Energy program initiated in 1983-84
Total Potential of Wind Energy in India is estimated at MW
Wind Energy has gained a lot of ground over the years mostly because of improvement is the wind turbine technologies as well as wind estimation technologies.
Source: Weather Department of the University of Delhi

29. Solar Energy in India
The average intensity of solar radiation in India is on the order of 20 MW/square km
The total solar energy potential tends to as high as million MW
Banking on government backed missions such as the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission, tapping solar energy is one of the most important thrust areas for smart grid deployment in the country.

30. Why do we need a Smart Grid for integrating Renewable Energies into the Grid?
Location Dependent Resources
Variability
Unpredictability

31. Location Dependence
Wind and Solar Resources are highly Location Dependent
Quality wind and solar resources that are most feasible for RE generation are based on specific locations
Source:

32. Solar Energy Resources in India
Most of the potential Solar resources for electricity generation are found in the western region of the country in the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan.
Source:

33. Wind Energy Resources in India

34. Non-Controllable Variability and the Smart Grid
Grid operators need to deal with fluctuations in voltage and frequency in a second to minute scale.
If left unchecked can do a significant damage to the System and all the attached instruments.
The Smart Grid provides a wide range of ancillary services:
Frequency regulation
Spinning Reserves
Non-Spinning Reserves
Voltage Support
Black-Start Capacity

35. What has been done in India?
Smart Grid provides the platform for a more reliable, secure and sustainable grid in India.
Pilot Smart Grid projects
Gujarat
Chandigarh
Smart Metering Infrastructure is being planned for a number of states.
Dr Sam Pitroda, chairman India Smart Grid Task Force launched the Smart Grid portal in 2013 :

36. If you have any questions, or would like to help further this research, please contact Mr Farhan Beg, via
Farhan Beg is a Power Engineer from the National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India ( and is a researcher at the Global Energy Network Institute, San Diego USA (