1. SOLAR PUMPING
March 2014

2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SD700 SP Introduction Operation modes Hydraulics
Submersible pumps 5
SD700SP LCoW 6
SD700SP Ordering Info 7
SD700SP Sample

3. 01 Introduction/ ¿What is Solar Pumping?
SOLAR PANELS
PUMPING
SYSTEM
PUBLIC GRID OR
DIESEL GENERATOR
Solar Pumping consists in supplying water pumps with the energy generated by a PV Solar Plant.

4. 01 Introduction/ SD700SP Topology

5. 01 Introduction/ SD700SP Topology
AC on-load disconnector
DC On-load disconnector
DC Fuses
AC Fuses
DC terminals (+) and (-)

6. 02 Operation Modes
OPERATION MODES
SOLAR ASSISTED SYSTEM: SD700SP is connected to the PV farm and to the grid simultaneously. The PV power is prioritized.
RENEWABLE ENERGY SELF-SUFFIENCENT: SD700SP is only connected to the PV field, generating the necessary power to start and speed-up the pump. The motor start will depend on the systems minimum power required.
GRID CONNECTED: SD700SP is operated as a regular VSD, hence it allow to run the pump during night hours and during PV farm maintenance seasons.
In no event will the PV farm (DC) and the electric grid (AC) interact, due to the unidirectional thyristor-diode rectifier bridge in between them.

7. OPERATION MODE: SOLAR ASSISTED & GRID CONNECTED
02 Operation Modes / Solar assisted & Grid Connected
OPERATION MODE: SOLAR ASSISTED & GRID CONNECTED

8. OPERATION MODE: RENEWABLE ENERGY SELF- SUFFICIENT
02 Operation Modes / Renewable Energy Self-sufficient
OPERATION MODE: RENEWABLE ENERGY SELF- SUFFICIENT
Minimum System Required Power
(30Hz-50Hz)
Maximum System Power (50Hz)

9. 03 Photovoltaic Introduction
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL

10. 03 Photovoltaic Introduction
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL

11. MANUAL DESIGN- PHOTOVOLTAIC FIELD
03 Photovoltaic Introduction
MANUAL DESIGN- PHOTOVOLTAIC FIELD
Serie Panels - Define Maximum Open Circuit Voltage VCA y VMPPT
Open Circuit Voltage MaxVca : < 900Vcc
MPPt Max Voltage: < √2 · 400V = 565Vcc
V CA = #Serie x Vca (25ºC) x [1+ At (TminºC - 25ºC ) x Coef Vca (Tº))]
V CA = 17x 45VCA +[1+ ((- 33ºC) x ( /ºC))] = 898 Vcc < 900Vcc
V MPPT = #Serie x VMPPT (25ºC) x [1+ At (TminºC - 25ºC ) x Coef VMPPT (Tº))]
V MPPt = 17x 35.5VCA +[1+ ((- 33ºC) x ( /ºC))] = 733 Vcc > 565Vcc ¡Alerta! [1]
Parallel panels - Set Maximum Current Short Icc:
Current Max CC: < 200A (Talla 3 SD700SP-CU)
ICC = #String x ICC (25ºC) x [1+ At (TmaxºC - 25ºC ) x Coef ICC (Tº))]
ICC = 22 x 8.35A x [1+ (20ºC) x ( /ºC))] = 185A < 200A
Power Peak Park PMPPT:
Tmin (location) = -8ºC
PAC (SD7SP0115 5) = 75kW
Peak Power Max(kWp): 1.5
Tmax (location) = 42ºC
PMPPT = #String x #Serie x PMPPT = 17 x 22 x 280 = 104kWp
[1] high Vmppt can cause motor damage, consult Power Electronics
AC:DC = 104kWp/75kW = 1.38

12. 03 Hydraulics
VSD CONTROL
The variable speed pump’s control provides unique regulation and performance features. The variable speed drive modifies the performance curve of the pump in order to meet the system requirements. The centrifugal pump performance is modeled by the affinity laws. In theory, the power reduction is proportional to the cubic of speed, for example a 20% speed reduction cause a power saving greater than 47%.

13. THROTHLING CONTROL VS VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE - OVERVIEW
03 Hydraulics
THROTHLING CONTROL VS VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE - OVERVIEW 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 80
1 X n
0.9 X n
0.8 X n
0.7 X n
0.6 X n
0.5 X n
0.4 X n
Head in m H2O 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 80
1 X n
0.9 X n
0.8 X n
0.7 X n
0.6 X n
0.5 X n
0.4 X n
Head in m H2O
FLOW
Static height 20 meters
100%
60%
90%
80%
70%
50%
H-Q
curves 10
100%
50% 20 30
Q Flow m3/min 10
100%
50% 20 30
H-Q Curves
System curves

14. PUMP’S PERFORMANCE DEPENDING ON SPEED VARIATION
03 Hydraulics
PUMP’S PERFORMANCE DEPENDING ON SPEED VARIATION
50%
60%
70%
80%
85%
88%
87%
30%
1 X n
0.9 X n
0.8 X n
0.7 X n
0.6 X n
0.5 X n
0.4 X n 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
N = 1480 RPM
Efficiency curves
Curve H – Q
System curve
Q flow
m3/min 14

15. MINIMUM FEED IN POWER AND VINIMUM MFT VOLTAGE
03 Hydraulics
MINIMUM FEED IN POWER AND VINIMUM MFT VOLTAGE
Q (m3)
Height (bar)
Q (m3)
Height (bar)
CURVE -A
CURVE -B
50 Hz
50 Hz
40 Hz
40 Hz
Min Height.
30 Hz
30 Hz
20 Hz
Min Height.
Curves with high angled slopes offer optimal regulation and lower starting frequencies
Curves with low angled slopes offer poor regulation and higher starting frequencies
Better regulations deliver higher savings
Energy savings are restricted by the regulation range
INDIVIDUALIZED SYSTEM ANALYSIS 15

16. SUBMERSIBLE PUMP TOPOLOGY
04 Submersible pumps
SUBMERSIBLE PUMP TOPOLOGY
Water impulsion
Pump Shaft
Pump Impellers
Cooling jacket
Water intake
Motor Shell
Motor
Thrust bearing 16

17. SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS & VSD CONSIDERATIONS
MOTOR CABLES TYPE AND LENGHT
PUMP COOLING
THRUST BEARING COOLING
VSD OPERATION & SETTINGS 17

18. SD700 – RECOMMENDED CABLE TYPE
04 Submersible pumps
SD700 – RECOMMENDED CABLE TYPE
Desired - Up to 300m
Compatible - Up to 150m

19. VOLTAGE FLANGE WAVE FORM ALL DRIVES ARE NOT THE SAME
04 Submersible pumps
VOLTAGE FLANGE WAVE FORM
ALL DRIVES ARE NOT THE SAME
Competitors dV/dt values
SD700 STANDARD

20. 04 Submersible pumps
ADMISSIBLE PEAK VOLTAGE LIMIT CURVES IN AC MOTORS TERMINALS:

21. PUMP COOLING 04 Submersible pumps
Keep a minimum speed of the surrounding water.
Vc = 0.08…0.5 m/s ( Consult Manufacturer)
Cooling flow depends on:
Water temperature and properties
Pumps geometry and Motor Shell
Motor and pump load
Well geometry
Well intake
T (ºC)
Cooling Speed - V (m/s)
Q (m3/s)
INCREASE COOLING CAPACITY
REDUCE HEAT LOSSES
Lower water temperature (ºC)
Lower motor load (AP)
Higher pump flow (Q)
Pump speed reduction (Hz)
Wider motor Diameter (mm) Dp
Higher convection factor (W/mm2) Dw
Water stream distribution
Low factor between motor diameter and well diameter 21

22. THRUST BEARING COOLING
04 Submersible pumps
THRUST BEARING COOLING
Thrust bearings needs a minimum water flow (15-30% of Qn) to create a thin lubrication layer.
The layer ensures bearing cooling and reduce friction between fixed parts.
Lubrication layer 22

23. VSD OPERATION AND SETTINGS
04 Submersible pumps
VSD OPERATION AND SETTINGS
How long it takes to empty the pipe?
- Soft start after the empty time - Soft stop to reduce water hammer
YES
Is there water release holes in the pump?
YES NO
Start and Stop with water-filled pipe settings
(Maximum head)- CASE 1 1
Is a Check Valve integrated in the pump?
Start with empty pipe but it needs a fast speed transient - CASE 3 3
YES
Is there a check valve on the top of the hole ? NO 2 NO
Soft start and stop – CASE 2 23

24. START AND STOP WITH WATER-FILLED PIPE
04 Submersible pumps
START AND STOP WITH WATER-FILLED PIPE
Q (m3)
Time (s)
Pump Speed (Hz)
Head (bar) 1
Min Head
50Hz
40Hz
30Hz
20Hz
Min Head - AP
10Hz
Q min (thrust bearing cooling)
Pump
Installation
Slow ramp
Flow control range
Reduce sand impulsion
Slow ramp
Water Hammer Control 50 40 30 20
Fast ramp
Pump stop
Fast ramp
– Min Flow 10 2s
4s- 7200s
30s 1s 24

25. SOFT START AND STOP 04 Submersible pumps 2 Head (bar) Q (m3) Pump
Time (s)
Pump Speed (Hz)
Head (bar) 2
Min Head
50Hz
40Hz
30Hz
20Hz
Min Head - AP
10Hz
Q min (thrust bearing cooling)
Pump
Installation
Slow ramp
Flow control range
Reduce sand impulsion
Slow ramp
Water Hammer Control 50 40 30 20 10
Fast ramp
– Min Flow
4s- 7200s
4s- 7200s 1s 1s 25

26. SOFT START AND STOP WITH FAST TRANSIENT
04 Submersible pumps
Q (m3)
Time (s)
Pump Speed (Hz)
Head (bar)
SOFT START AND STOP WITH FAST TRANSIENT 3
Inst. Head
Min Head
50Hz
40Hz
30Hz
20Hz
Min Head - AP
10Hz
Q min (thrust bearing cooling)
Pump
Installation
Slow ramp
Flow control range
Reduce sand impulsion 50
Slow ramp
Water Hammer Control 40
Fast transient ramp
– Checkvalve opening 1s 30
4s- 7200s 20 10
Fast ramp
– Min. Flow
4s- 7200s 1s
4s- 7200s 1s 26

27. SD700SP Grid Connected system
05 SD700SP LCoW / Grid connected
SD700SP Grid Connected system
Hydraulic System:
Pump power: No restriction
Pump/line voltage: From 230Vac to 440Vac.
Min frequency (Hz): No restriction
Min Power (kW): No restriction
Solar PV system Sizing:
Max DC Voltage: 1000Vdc
MPP tracking: No, fixed DC voltage
MPPt range: Vmppt = sqrt(2) · Vac + 5V
Vmppt_230Vac= 1.41 · V = 329V
Vmppt_400Vac= 1.41 · V= 569V
Start feed-in power: No restriction
Results:
Energy Savings: kWh/ per year
Fuel/ Electricity cost: € 27

28. 05 SD700SP LCoW / Self Sufficient
SD700SP Self Sufficient
Hydraulic System:
Pump power: From 2.2kW up to …. (feasibility limit)
Pump/line voltage: From 230Vac to 440Vac.
Min frequency (Hz): Required. Hydraulic system modeling
Min Power (kW): Required. Hydraulic system modeling
Solar PV system Sizing:
Max DC Voltage: 1000Vdc
MPP tracking: Yes
MPPt range: Vmin (Min.Hz) ….1000V
Start feed-in power: Min Power (kW)
Results:
Power (kW): kW Hourly data ( PV sys tool)
Pumping ratio : Multiple values - Pump curve dependant 28

29. SD700SP Self Sufficient / Hydraulic Sizing- Deep Well to storage
05 SD700SP LCoW / PV sizing
SD700SP Self Sufficient / Hydraulic Sizing- Deep Well to storage
Power PCA - Work flow
Min. Frequency. (42.5Hz)
Min. Power (25kW)
Rated flow, head and power
Pump and SD700SP Selection
Determine the static head (m) of the system.
Determine the desired flow of the system (m3/min)
Select the pump considering Head and flow
Select SD700SP according to pump rated power.
Create new project in Power PCA
Select High Accuracy mode
Introduce pump curves points (P vs Q)
Introduce efficiency pump curves ( Eff vs Q)
Select Variable flow and constant height
Determine the Q min
Introduce different Q values (including Q min)
Save Data as XLS
50%
60%
70%
80%
85%
88%
87%
30%
1 X n
0.9 X n
0.8 X n
0.7 X n
0.6 X n
0.5 X n
0.4 X n 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
N = 1480 RPM
Efficiency curves
Curve H – Q
System curve
Q flow
m3/min
Assumptions
Pipes, valve losses are dismissed.
Pump performance according to affinity laws.
Constant height, no well level variation are considered
Further accuracy requires specific hydraulic SW.
Min flow: (5 m3/min)
Depend on pump cooling. 29

30. SD700SP Self Sufficient / PV sizing
05 SD700SP LCoW / PV sizing
SD700SP Self Sufficient / PV sizing
PV Sys – Work flow
Select Project Design – Grid connected system
Open an existing inverter
Introduce Vmin in Minimum MPP Voltage, depending on the hydraulics limitations ( see next slide)
Introduce Pmin in Power Threshold. (error may appear)
There are no limitations on nº of DC inputs or DC/AC ratio.
Select efficiency = f(P out) and check that efficiency curves are ready
Select the appropriate string distribution to maximize the PV production.
P out
Eff (%) 0%
10%
96.5%
30%
98.0%
50%
98.2%
70%
98.6%
90%
98.5%
100% 30

31. SD700SP Self Sufficient / PV performance
05 SD700SP LCoW / PV sizing
SD700SP Self Sufficient / PV performance
Radiation
Sensor
Minimum Voltage
Minimum Power 31

32. 06 SD700SP Ordering Info SD700SP Ordering Info 32 Project
Solar Pumping Project
Pump
Submersible pump
Location
Egypt
Application and control
[Deep well to storage, lake/river to storage, pressurization]
Other information
[Attach PV sys reports, pump manufacturer curves, Power PCA report, other studies]
Min. Ambient Temperature
: -10ºC
Max. Ambient Temperature
: +45ºC
Degree of Protection
: IP54 Indoor installation
Units :4
Reference number
SD7SP _ _ _ _ 55 S
Nominal Current
_ _ _A
Power Motor up to
_ _ _kW
AC Power Supply
YES
: [Diesel Genset, Grid-connected ]
Motor Data
Power
: 75 _ kW
Voltage
: 380 _ Vac
Current
: 165_ A
PV plant Data
 First Level
Panel type
: BYD 255 6C
Nº PV panels in series
: 24
Nº of String per combiner box
: 22
ON-load disconnection
: YES
Combiner box fuse rating
: 12A
 Second Level
Number of combiner boxes
: 3
Fuse protection
50A
ON-load disconnector
AC Power Supply Protections (if needed)
AC On load disconnector
AC Semiconductor Protection Fuses
Irradiation Sensor :
 :Included
 I/O signals
6 DI, 3 DO, 2 AI, 2AO, 1 PTC, 1 PT100. (Other available under request) 
Communication
 : RS485 – Modbus RTU
Door Pushbuttons
: Optional
Door Pilots
Heating Resistors
Hygrostat 32

33. 07 SD700SP Sample SD700SP Case Study 33 Pump: 2x Sulzer 75kW
SD700SP: 1x SD7SP Frame 4
Accessories:
AC Disconnector
DC ON-load manual disconnector
DC fuses according to PV sizing 33

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POWER ELECTRONICS
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