1. Types of energy Capturing energy Releasing energy
Energy Unit Review- Ch. 5
Types of energy
Capturing energy
Releasing energy

2. Energy – the ability to do work
The Law Of Conservation of Energy:
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transformed (changed) from one state to another.
Energy can be divided into two main groups

3. STATES OF ENERGY Potential energy = stored energy
Kinetic energy = moving/working energy
Can potential energy be turned into kinetic energy? YES
Can kinetic energy be turned into potential energy? YES

4. Potential and kinetic energy exist in many forms:
Forms of energy:
Mechanical – energy with which moving objects perform work
Chemical – energy stored in substances
Heat – produced by molecular motion of matter
Light – moves in waves
Nuclear – stored in nucleus of atoms
Electrical – movement of electrons

5. CHEMICAL REACTIONS A + B  AB AB  A + B Reactants  Products
Metabolism The sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism

6. (BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE)
Energy is released
(BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE)
AB A + B
Exothermic

7. (BUILDING MACROMOLECULES- Like Glucose)
Energy is absorbed
(BUILDING MACROMOLECULES- Like Glucose)
A + B  AB
Endothermic

8. Enzymes Proteins that increase the speed of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy (the energy needed to start a reaction)

9. Carbon dioxide + water  glucose + oxygen
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
6CO2 + 6H20  C6H12O6 + 6O2
reactants products
Carbon dioxide + water  glucose + oxygen

10. The Three Steps of Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll traps energy from sunlight.
(Chloroplasts have small disks, Thylakoids that contain chlorophyll.)
STEP ONE

11. The Three Steps of Photosynthesis
Captured Light Energy is used to make ATP
in the thylakoid
ATP is used as Activation Energy to start the Calvin Cycle

12. The Three Steps of Photosynthesis
Calvin Cycle:
Cells use the energy from breakdown of ATP to make carbohydrates (glucose) from the carbon atoms in CO2

13. REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CALVIN CYCLE
Can only occur when light is present
Products:
ATP
Oxygen
LIGHT REACTION
The “Dark Reaction”
Doesn’t need light, but needs products from light reaction (ATP!!!)
Products:
Glucose
Please add this to the back of your notepage.

14. Sunlight is _____________________ energy
Please write the questions on the back of your notepage and answer them.
Sunlight is _____________________ energy
Carbon dioxide and water are rearranged to produce _______________________
___________________ is a by-product (waste product) of photosynthesis
______________________ is used by plants and animals for energy. Glucose is ________________ energy
KINETIC (LIGHT)
GLUCOSE (SUGAR) AND O2
OXYGEN
GLUCOSE
CHEMICAL (POTEN.)

15. Identify products and reactants
Cellular Respiration – releases the energy in food and turn it into a form that can be used for the activities of life
C6H  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP OR
Sugar + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy
Identify products and reactants

16. 2 types of CR Aerobic: Anaerobic:
Takes place when oxygen is present
Yields 36 ATPS (a lot!)
Anaerobic:
Takes place when oxygen is NOT present.
Yields only 2 ATPs
Some organisms are completely anaerobic

17. AEROBIC RESPIRATION O2 present. Lots of Energy!
1st glucose moves from the blood into a cell’s cytoplasm where it is split in ½
Creates:
Pyruvic acid
2 ATP
Pyruvic Acid moves into mitochondria to be broken down further resulting in
ATPs.
For a grand total of _____ ATPs 34 36

18. Lactic Acid Fermenation
When animal muscles use so much energy the oxygen runs out
Some bacteria also produce
lactic acid, which is used to
make some foods.
Produces:
2ATP
lactic acid

19. Alcoholic Fermentation
Small organisms that are in environments without oxygen
Yeast
Bacteria
Produces:
2 ATP
Alcohol