1. “Land Administration System In Cambodia”
Presented by: Mr. SUON SOPHA
Deputy General Director of Cadastre & Geography
Deputy-Director of LASSP

2. Contents Background Rectangular Strategy Vision of Land Administration
Progress and Achievements
The Systematic Land Registration In Cambodia
Can a Sucessful Modern Cadastre be Developed In CAMBODIA?
7. Conclusion
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3. 1. Background Overviews Territory : 181 035 km2 ,Population: 14 mil
1 Capital, 23 Provinces, Language: Khmer
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4. Rectangular Strategy of RGC
Rectangle 1: Enhancement of Agricultural Sector which covers: (1) improved productivity and diversification of agriculture; (2) land reform and clearing of mines; (3) fisheries reform; and (4) forestry reform.
Rectangular Strategy of RGC
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5. 3. Vision of Land Administration system
Declaration of the RGC on Land Policy: The vision of land policy, is “to administer, manage, utilize, and distribute land in an equitable, transparent, and sustainable manner in order to contribute to achieving national goals of poverty alleviation, ensuring food security, natural resources and environmental protection, national defense and socio-economic development orienting towards market economy”. Goals and activities involved in the three land sub-sectors are : (1)Land Administration, (2)Land Management and (3)Land Distribution
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6. 3. Vision of Land Administration system (cont’)
Land Administration Sub-Sector (LASSP)
The objectives of land administration are to register ownership and other rights, to prevent and resolve land disputes in order to strengthen land tenure security, and ensure reliability and efficiency of land market.
Land registration shall comply with principles of good governance, transparency, D&D, and gender equity in order to develop a culture of land registration. This has to be simple, precise, accessible, and at low cost. It shall develop LIS to provide accurate information regarding immovable properties at a reasonable cost.
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7. 3. Vision of Land Administration system (cont’)
Field of activities for land administration
To develop and strengthen the implementation of laws and regulations such as expropriation law, pre-emption law...
To establish a clear and complete inventory of State immovable properties in a unified database system in order to enhance the efficiency of management;
To conduct land registration throughout the country in a transparent and effective way for both State land, and individuals' private land.
To establish geology information system and soil classification based on natural characteristic of land.
To develop a unified Geography Information System
To develop a participatory, transparent, and officially recognized Land Valuation System.
To encourage participation of private sector in land surveying under the control of the cadastral administration;
To continue land disputes resolution through administration commission, cadastral commission at all levels
To develop self-financing system for land administration,
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8. 3. Vision of Land Administration system (cont’)
LASSP’s components:
Development of land policy and legal framework
Development of institution
Land titling program and development a modern land registration system
Strengthening mechanisms for dispute resolution, and
Land valuation and land market development
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9. 4.Progress and achievements
Development of Policy and Legal Framework
Land Law 2001
Interim paper on Land Policy and key policies related to land
Legal regulations
Declaration of land policy (July, 2009)
Institutional Development
Trained more than 3697 staff on various fields (1000 in land registration, 2697 in land dispute resolution),
Trained administration commission members more than 10000,
Established long-term education – FLMLA (260 BSc Degree & 290 undergraduates)
1000 of Cadastral Commission Members were trained
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10. 4.Progress and achievements (cont’)
Land Titling (from 2002 to July 2012)
Data Entry more than 2.7 million land parcels, Signed​ more than 2.2 million and distributed more than 2.1 million titles revenues from fees and tax around 60 million USD in the last five years. Expenditure below 10 USD/title (38 USD in planned)
Land dispute resolution
Registered – 5,673 cases, solved successful – 2,199 rejected – 1,710 , withdrawn – 433 cases, underway to solved – 1,331
Land valuation and land market development
Final draft of Land Valuation Policy
Implement land valuation pilot projects in 04 times in 03 provinces including Urban and Rural areas .
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11. 5-The Systematic Land Registration In Cambodia
IMPLEMENTATION BASED ON:
Effective information dissemination
Full participation of people and local authorities
Transparency of procedures and fees
Good governance measures
Team work and team-based results
Productivity-based allowances of Land Registration Teams
Optimised utilisation of modern information and survey technology as a tool for effective and efficient systematic first registration and maintenance of up-to-date multi-purpose Cadastre

12. 5-1 FIELDWORK Public Awareness and Community Participation (PACP)
Land management supporting registration
Adjudication
Demarcation
Surveying
Public Display (PD)

13. 5-2 OFFICE WORK (DOCUMENTATION)
Data entry
Digitising
Preparation of Public Displays (PD): Cadastral Index Maps, Adjudication Records (Lists of Owners)
Finalisation of the data after PD
Printing of Land Register Books and Cadastral Index Maps (hardcopies)
Printing of Land Title Certificates (LTC)
Scanning of forms and reference documents

14. 5-3 APPROVAL CADASTRAL DOCUMENTS AND LAND TITLE CERTIFICATE DELIVERY
ARCHIVEMENT DUE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION(2002-JULY 2012)
~1000 Land Registration Staff Trained and Refreshed (~200 Contractual Staff)
~10000 Administrative Commission Member were trained
2.7 Million Land Parcels Adjudicated
2.1Million Land Titles were Delivered
63% Common Property(HUSBAND & WIFE) husband and wife
20% -25% Wife Property
10%-20% Husband Property
CADASTRAL INDEX MAP & LIST OF OWNER ARE APPROVED BY PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR
LAND TITLE CERTIFICATE ARE READY TO SECURE YOUR RIGHT ON YOUR LAND

15. B) CLARITY AND SIMPLICITY C) TIMELINESS E) ACCESSIBILITY F) COSTS
6-CAN A SUCCESSFUL MODERN CADASTRE BE DEVELOPED IN CAMBODIA? Status and Challenges
A) SECURITY
B) CLARITY AND SIMPLICITY
C) TIMELINESS
E) ACCESSIBILITY
F) COSTS
G) SUSTAINABILITY

16. A) SECURITY Land Law: Full ownersip Title by registration system
Procedures: Openness, publicity, transparency, full participation
Certainty of land ownership and parcel identification: Unique parcel reference numbers
Survey accuracy requirements and standards appropriate
Seamless Cadastral Index Map
Utilisation of IT: Human errors minimised, incomplete data prevented, automated functions
Data security measures, back-ups, data access in place
CHALLENGE: Registration culture to be created

17. B) CLARITY AND SIMPLICITY
MLMUPC: Full mandate in land registration: No overlapping reponsiblilities
Cadastral Offices at district, provincial and central level
Power delegated from central to province level: Procedures simplified and length decreased
Public awareness being increased and cadastral forms simplified
Technically system is simple and easy to use, easily trained and learned
CHALLENGE: Creating a one-stop agency with combined Cadastral and Tax Office functions, minimising inconveniences to the customers to encourage official land registration

18. C) TIMELINESS
Cadastre is to be kept up-to-date at all three levels; Province, district and central, Instructions in place
All parcels in the registration areas are included in the system
Technical updating easy
CHALLENGES:
It takes still a long time to cover the whole country, work is in the beginning
To get informal transactions registered formally
Creating a registration culture

19. D) FAIRNESS All landowners are treated equally at first registration
All parcels are included in the system
First registration fees are reasonable, fixed, transparent and commonly accepted
Equitable access to cadastral services at district, provincial and central levels
Delegation of power from central to province level has completed effectiveness and efficiency and simplified procedures
Title certificate delivery to the people
CHALLENGES:
Cadastral service and product fee revision
Land valuation system development for fair land-related fees and taxation

20. E) ACCESSIBILITY
Cadastre is accessible at district, provincial and central level for private and public sector customers
Cadastral fee structure in place
CHALLENGES:
Definition of fees of all available cadastral products (LASSP ”Map Shop”)
Fee revision for cost-recovery and sustainability
Fixed, transparent fees
Demand for on-line services in Cambodia unknown, access through internet not among the first priorities

21. F) COSTS
Costs per parcel have so far been low compared to other countries in the region, partly bacause of the utilisation of IT for effectiveness and efficiency
First registration fees low, putting only minor burden to the beneficiaries
CHALLENGES:
Establishment of a cost-recovery based system so that:
Landowners are encouraged to register transactions officially and
Utilise available cadastral products
...so that the costs of the first registration and the operation and maintenance costs of the Cadastre are recovered

22. G) SUSTAINABILITY
Sustainability of the developed systems is a huge challenge, as in many poor developing countries
CHALLENGES:
Human resources
Financial resources
Technical support
OPPORTUNITIES:
Continuous training
New generation professionals
Public-private partnerships
Land-related fees and taxation for financial sustainability

23. 7. Conclusion
In fact, land reform surely contributes to achieving national goals of poverty alleviation, ensuring food security, natural resources and environmental protection, national defense and socio-economic development oriented towards market economy”.
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24. Thank you for your attention